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Vaccinations

A vaccine is the preparation of dead microorganisms, living weakened microorganisms or inactivated toxins. Its administration induces the development of immunity and protection against a pathogen or toxin and is called a vaccination.

1,376 Questions

Dose of TT injection for adults and child?

TT injection once u get how long it works? best wishes

thanks

Do vaccines work if you already have a virus?

Yes, they can, depending on the virus you have. Immunocompromised people with the HIV/AIDS virus may not get full immunization from a vaccine since their body doesn't respond to infections like other people's bodies. If it is a flu virus, there is no problem getting a vaccination unless you have a high fever from the virus. They will ask you about any recent fevers when you go to get the vaccination. The problem if you are sick with a virus is that your body's immune system is working very hard to get rid of the virus you have, if you add the vaccine for a different virus to your body, it has to work twice as hard to deal with both at the same time, and you may not get a good response to the vaccine.

Leopold's maneUver 1?

the first Leopold's maneuver is FUNDAL GRIP

How does an active vaccine work to protect the human body?

Basicly the vaccine is a sample of specific diseases such as flu, influenza, pneumonia and smallpox. When the vaccine is injected, the tiny amount will not give you the disease but it will encourage your inmune system to develop streght to fight that specific deases.

What response usually occurs after an individual receives a vaccine for the influenza virus?

# antibodies against the virus form in the blood


Depending on the type of response you have in mind, two things:

  • An immune response creating the desired immunity, or,
  • A local response to the vaccine in the local tissue at the needle site, if the vaccine were injected.

Are all vaccines vaccination and immunizions shots?

No, some are provided through nasal or oral routes.

What is maximum number of doses of PPSV should a person receive in lifetime?

Typically, a single lifetime administration of PPSV is sufficient for most patients and routine revacination is not recommended. However, revaccination with PPSV may be appropriate in certain patients. If a patient has an indication, ACIP recommends a single revaccination dose for a total of two doses in a patient's lifetime.

What are some other precautions that can be taken instead of receiving a flu vaccination?

If you can, get a vaccination. Flu vaccines made the same as those today are proven safe and effective over decades of use, and, although there is risk in most any medical treatment or medication, the risk is much lower than the risk of suffering the flu and the related complications that can come with it (including the 36,000 deaths per year in the US that are due to the flu).

If you can not get a vaccination, then see the related questions below for information on alternative ways to protect yourself.

Everyone should take the precautions outlined in the related questions even if they are getting vaccinated. The flu vaccination is effective for the 3 types (or 4 types in one vaccine**) of flu viruses that were selected by the CDC to be included this year and perhaps effective for other flu viruses that are very similar. But, there are many other possible influenza viruses that might be circulating that will not be covered by immunization from the flu vaccinations, as well as cold viruses and other infectious microbes that the precautions will protect beyond what the vaccine will.

If you are allergic to eggs, you may still be able to get the flu shot, see also below for more information on this new advice from allergists.

Also see the information about the new intradermal vaccination for the flu that uses a 90% smaller needle, if you are needle-averse and thinking of not getting a vaccination for this reason. Some people can also get intranasal mists for the vaccination.


** Starting in the 2012-2013 flu season, there is a new vaccine that contains 4 types of flu viruses instead of the traditional 3 types. It is called quadravalent (the originals are trivalent). See the related questions for more about the new vaccine and who can use it.

Your son has small bumps all over his body but no fever He just had his chickenpox vaccine?

Patients sometimes get a rash after chickenpox vaccine. It is possible that he could be contagious if his bumps are due to vaccine. He could be having an allergic reaction to the vaccination, or it could be a coincidence, and not be related to the vaccination. Contact your health care provider for advice specific to your health history.

What is attenuated?

Attenuation is the reduction in intensity of a number of different things. It is the opposite of amplification. In physics or electronics the change is usually referred to using decibels (dB), noting the number of decibels by which a particular signal is reduced as it passes through a particular medium a certain distance. This concept is used quite a bit in the telecom industry because of its importance in determining where a repeater is needed.

Answer for DSL CBT

Dissipation of the power of a transmitted signal as it travels over a wire

What are the effects of receiving an MMR vaccination twice within 9 months?

The effects are simply protection against measles, mumps, and rubella. The minimum interval between MMR vaccines is four weeks.

Why do you have to get shots when you go in to middle school?

You should be immunized because it helps put an end to serious diseases. If we stopped getting shots, diseases that are almost unknown would start coming back.

How can a vaccination be mandated?

You would have to pass a legal bill requiring all Americans to receive the treatment, however even if one could get such a bill passed the idea is absolutely ridiculous because the costs involved to get the vaccine, as well as pay professionals to administer it would be ridiculous. Even if one had such finances, you couldn't guarantee that everyone would receive the vaccine because a lot of people are against them.

In the US, in New York, they did enact a law that certain workers in health care, who had close contact with patients, must be vaccinated against H1N1/09 to continue to do that work. The rationale was that the public legislators made the rights of patients take priority over the rights of licensed workers. It was felt that patients, some of whom may not be conscious, were at high risk to contract and have complications from the co-morbidity of their underlying reason for hospitalization and H1N1/09. In some cases the workers who did not want to be vaccinated could either be reassigned to jobs that were not in direct contact with patients (if the employer allowed), or find other employment. There were some situations where the employer had to reassign those with medical reasons (like allergic reactions) why they could not take the vaccination.

Should a reaction to a flu shot be checked?

Yes, depending on the type of reaction. If it is an allergic reaction with a generalized skin rash or hives, you should contact your health care professional to report it and ask if you need to be examined. Health care providers are expected to report these reactions for the vaccine monitoring program although, you could report it yourself, too. If there are any symptoms of breathing difficulty, swelling in the face or lips or severe swelling at the site of the injection then seek immediate medical attention to prevent potential anaphylactic shock.

If, however, the reaction is confined to the local area of the injection and demonstrates only slight swelling, warmth, redness and/or pain on movement or when touched at the location, then that is a common reaction caused by your immune system to the injected vaccination, not an allergic reaction. This soreness can also be accompanied by slight fever, malaise and an achy feeling as your immune system responds to the vaccine, but should be gone in only a few days. The soreness upon movement will improve the more you use the arm or if you put a warm moist towel on it several times a day. If these localized symptoms at the location of the shot last more than a few days, contact your health care professional for advice.

See the related links for this question to find a link to the web site to report reactions or side effects of vaccinations.

Can you get the H1N1 vaccine if you are currently sick with the Swine Flu?

If you have proof from laboratory testing that you currently have the A-H1N1/09 "Swine Flu", then there would be no reason to get the vaccine because having the flu itself will provide the same or better immunity as the vaccine.

However, if you have not had the specific strain of flu proven by laboratory testing, you should go ahead and take the vaccination for A-H1N1/09 just to be certain that you are protected in case the symptoms you had were not from this specific strain of influenza. It will not hurt to have the vaccine after having had the same type of flu and it is a "better safe than sorry" scenario.

It is better to wait until after any signs of any type of infection (viral or bacterial) are gone before getting flu vaccines, especially if there is any fever.

Do HPV Vaccines hurt?

First of all, its your opinion on if it hurt

To me it didn't hurt but your arm aches a few days afterwards like any other injection you would get.

I had a friend who was terrified of needles when she had the jab and afterwards she asked me why was she so scared of getting the jab in the first place.

So basically there is nothing to be sacred about.

Is there another form of flu vaccines other than nose spray and IM injections?

Yes, there is a new intradermal (ID) form of flu vaccine that is available [along with the usual intramuscular (IM) vaccines and the intranasal (nasal mist) spray vaccines] in the 2011-2012 flu season in the Northern Hemisphere. It is called Fluzone in the US. It is licensed for use in the US for adults aged 18 - 64 and includes flu vaccine for both Type A and Type B influenza viruses.

Intradermal means in the skin. It is administered with an ultra short and thin needle between the layers of the skin using what is called a microinjection system, an individual syringe ready for one time use.

Sanofi Pasteur is also making it under the names Intanza or ID flu in the Northern Hemisphere outside the US. It will be available in 40 countries during the 2011-2012 flu season, including Australia, Canada and European Countries. In the Southern Hemisphere it is marketed under the brand name Instivac.

More facts about the ID flu vaccine:

  • Approved for use in adults only (ages 18 - 64), given in a single dose
  • Inactivated type of vaccine ("dead" virus particles used)
  • May provide increased immunity over other types of flu vaccines due to the reactions of specialized immune system cells available in the skin
  • Preservative free
  • Injected into the skin layers, usually in the upper arm (deltoid) area
  • Microinjection system provides:
    • Improved acceptance by needle-averse individuals
    • Needle is not readily visible to the patient
    • Needle size 90% smaller than IM needles, 30 gauge
    • Needle depth 1.5 mm
    • Smaller amount of vaccine solution injected 0.1 mL
    • Less antigen per injection, 27 mcg compared to 45 mcg IM
    • Trials indicate less pain with injections
    • Can cause more local injection site symptoms of mild to moderate redness, swelling, and other site reactions than IM, for 3-7 days
    • Fewer systemic reactions (fever, headaches, muscle aches, etc.)
    • 75% of trial participants were very satisfied
    • 96% of clinicians giving the ID vaccines would recommend

      See related questions and links below.

What should you do if you received your third dose of Hep B vaccination before you are 6 months old?

If you got your third dose of hepatitis B before you were six months old, it makes sense to repeat that third dose at your convenience. There is no need to restart the entire series.

Can vaccines work on viruses?

Yes, a large percentage of vaccines are for viral infections, there are not many vaccines for bacterial infections but there are a few.

The flu is caused by a virus, vaccinations against the flu work very well, for example.