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Vaccinations
A vaccine is the preparation of dead microorganisms, living weakened microorganisms or inactivated toxins. Its administration induces the development of immunity and protection against a pathogen or toxin and is called a vaccination.
1,376 Questions
What are the types of immunity?
The three types of immunity is innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and passive immunity.
How many seconds is a vaccine?
A vaccine is a medicine for immunity and does not have "seconds".
If you mean how many seconds does it take for the vaccine to be administered, then the injection of a vaccine usually only takes 5-10 seconds to put the vaccine into your body with a needle since the amount of vaccine needed is so small. If the vaccine is available in a nasal mist, the inhalation of a nasal mist takes as long as it takes for you to sniff.
If you mean how long will the immunity last before you need a booster vaccination, you should check with your doctor about the type of vaccine you are getting (e.g. influenza, bacterial pneumonia, etc.). Depending on your age and the type of vaccine, some vaccinations need boosters every so often. Your doctor can tell you how long the one you are getting lasts.
What is a mass immunization campaign?
A mass immunization campaign is when the vaccination needs lots of people to get the jab for it to work otherwise it doesn't work and the people who had the jab won't get any benefits from having it.
Can you get a flu vaccination if you take Coumadin?
Probably, there are no drug interaction problems with the flu vaccines according to the manufacturers' package inserts. However, it would be best to contact your health care professional to confirm that you should get the vaccination. Your doctor may have other reasons related to your condition for which you take the anticoagulant that would exclude the vaccination, so checking first would be best.
You also should be sure to tell the clinician before they give you the vaccine that you take this medicine so they can be careful to watch for and monitor any bleeding from the injection if you get the shot instead of nasal spray.
Can Gardasil be given to males?
Yes. A recent study has shown that Gardasil is 90% effective at preventing genital warts in males. Genital warts are caused by HPV (Human Papiloma Virus). Genital warts are responsible for most penile and rectal cancer, and by vaccinating against HPV, these men are protected from penile and rectal cancer caused by HPV. Giving the vaccine to men will also mean that they can not transmit HPV to their female partners. This would greatly reduce the risk of cervical cancer due to HPV infections in women. If all boys and girls were vaccinated for HPV, the HPV virus would be eliminated, causing rates of cervical, penile, and rectal cancer to drop by 80%. For the vaccine to be effective it must be given before an individual is exposed to HPV. This is why the vaccine should be given in childhood, usually between the ages of 9 and 14. However the vaccine can and should be given to men of any age, as it reduces the risk of getting HPV, genital warts, and penile and rectal cancers caused by HPV. At this point doctors can give the HPV vaccine Gardasil to males as an off label use. The label for Gardasil should be updated by the summer of 2009 to indicate its use for prevention of HPV infection, genital warts, penile cancer, and rectal cancer in males.
No. There are many situations in which people get two series.
Do you need to get a flu vaccination again in 90 days?
Otherwise healthy adults, teens and children over 10 only need a single vaccination for the flu to be fully protected. After about 2 weeks from the time of the vaccination you will be protected. Younger children need a series of two flu vaccinations, usually given a month apart. After around another 2 weeks from the time of the second vaccination, they are protected. Babies under 6 months old do not have immune systems mature enough to get vaccinated for the flu.
Can you get sick from a vaccination?
I will say that you potentially can. My boyfriend was vaccinated as a child, and he contracted the virus within a few weeks. We don't know if perhaps the polio was already in his system and he was just vaccinated too late, or if something went wrong with the vaccine and he got sick as a result.
If taking antibiotics why shouldn't you get a flu vaccine?
Actually you can take the vaccination if you are taking antibiotics unless you have a fever at the time. Fever is a sign that the infection, for which you were prescribed the antibiotics, is still being fought by your immune system. It is best not to overburden your immune system with vaccinations if it is actively fighting something else.
However, as soon as you are fever-free you can and should get the vaccination. The drug manufacturers indicate in the package inserts that there are no known drug interaction problems with the flu vaccines. Antibiotics would have no effect on the flu vaccine. See the related links section below for a link to more related information at the US Flu.gov site.
The influenza vaccines are available widely and are being offered at numerous locations of pharmacies and health care professional offices for the 2011-2012 flu season in the Northern Hemisphere, which is just beginning this month (October). Get the vaccination as soon as possible to avoid risk of catching the flu before you can get the vaccine.
The H1N1/09 pandemic swine flu vaccine is included this year again in the annual seasonal flu vaccine. The vaccines are now available in formulations for administration by the usual IM shot/jab, the nasal mist, and now, new this year there is an intradermal (ID) vaccine called Fluzone that is injected using a micro-injection system with a tiny needle under the layers of the skin. If you have a preference as to the type of administration route, you may need to call ahead to find out if the type you prefer is available and if you are a candidate for the type you are considering. You can also discuss this with your pharmacist or primary health care professional. It is approved for use in adults age 18 - 64.
The nasal mist is a live attenuated vaccine and can only be used for non-pregnant healthy individuals ages 2 - 49. It is not indicated for those who are immuno-suppressed. The intradermal and intramuscular (IM) injections are made from inactivated ("dead") virus particles, approved for all ages down to 6 months. Infants under 6 months can not be vaccinated due to their immature immune systems.
If you are not sexually active is it absolutely important that you get the HPV vaccine?
If you are 110% guaranteed to refrain from sex, there is no need to get immunised. If you may or will become active, get the shot.
Would it be okay if your 18 month old missed his 15 month old well-baby shots?
You should get it done as soon as possible. Boosters rely on a schedule based on previous shots. If you wait too long, a baby may need to start again from the first shot.
Vaccines are made in several ways. However, all vaccines have the same general goal: weaken the virus or bacteria in a way that allows the recipient to develop an immune response without developing any symptoms of infection. Vaccines are made using the same components that are found in the natural virus or bacteria.
Vaccines are made of small amount of the bacteria, virus or other antigen and administered to stimulate the immune system to create antibodies to prevent future infections with the disease.
Viruses grows in primary cells, or on continuous cell lines
When should you take a 19 month old to the er when they have the flu?
The biggest concern here is the fever, you do not want that getting to high as it could cause serious issues. I would say nothing above 101 considering the young age of the child.
My official recommendation is to take very young ones to the doctor ASAP as the flu in infants can be extremely dangerous and in some cases fatal.
There is no single way to do this. Before you can even begin, you must know in detail the following things about your virus:
1. how is the virus transmitted?
2. how does the virus spread through the body?
3. where in the body does the virus replicate?
4. what type of immune response is required to protect against infection?
There are a couple of generalizations about different types of vaccines though:
1. Whole killed viruses (like influenza vaccines): Here,you purify the virus, preferably from cell cultures, and inactivate it chemically using compounds such as formalin. Heat can also be used, and chemicals and heat are often used together.
2. Subunit vaccines (like the hepatitis B vaccine) just use a single protein from the virus to induce immunity. Here we isolate the gene the virus uses to make the protein, clone it into a yeast of other suitable cell, and let the cell produce the protein. The protein is then purified and used as a vaccine (very oversimplified explanation).
3. Attenuated vaccines: These are live, but weakened viruses that can infect but not cause disease, like the measles and polio vaccines. Here we passage the virus hundreds of times through cell cultures, and let it adapt to the cell cultures. This weakens the virus for growth in the body. Purify the virus, and inoculate.
How's that for starters?
