What is a state which has surrendered most of its sovereignty to a more powerful state?

Answer 1

A state that has surrendered most of its sovereignty to a more powerful state is often referred to as a "protectorate." In this arrangement, the more powerful state typically assumes control over the protected state's foreign affairs and defense, while the local government retains limited authority over domestic matters. An example of this would be the relationship between the United Kingdom and various territories in the past, such as the British protectorates in the Caribbean or Africa. Another modern example is the relationship between some territories and the United States, like Puerto Rico, which has limited self-governance but is subject to U.S. federal law.