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Before gaining independence, Thailand was ruled by the Chakri Dynasty, which has been the ruling dynasty since 1782. The country, known as Siam until 1939, maintained a unique status in Southeast Asia by avoiding direct colonization by European powers. King Rama V (Chulalongkorn), who reigned from 1868 to 1910, implemented significant reforms that modernized the nation and strengthened its sovereignty. Thailand officially became a constitutional monarchy in 1932, transitioning away from absolute monarchy.

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