The Holy Roman Empire covered modern day Germany, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Alsace and Lorraine in France, Switzerland, Austria, Bohemia, Slovenia and Italy. The empire lost jurisdiction over Italy in 1183, and lost Switzerland in 1499 and the Netherlands in 1581.
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Voltaire said the Holy Roman Empire was not 'Holy, Roman, or an Empire.'
The Holy Roman Empire followed the Byzantine Empire.
The Holy Roman Empire was finally dissolved when Holy Roman Emperor Francis II abdicated, or renounced his throne. It can also be credited to Napoléon, who defeated the HRE in battle which led to Francis abdicating.
CHARLEMAGNE
it united its territories under a central goverment