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The Massachusetts Supreme Court case Commonwealth v. Hunt, 45 Mass. 111, 4 Met. (1842) was an early departure from typical court decisions involving union organization practices during the mid-19th-century industrial era.
Hunt and six representatives of the Boston Bootmaker's Union called a strike against a local manufacturer for hiring non-union workers in an attempt to pressure the owner to create a closed (all-union) shop. Hunt and his fellow organizers were arrested convicted under an old English common law practice prohibiting all forms of restraint of trade, and condemning unionization as a criminal conspiracy.
Massachusetts Supreme Court Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw held the workers had a right to peaceably assemble and protest on behalf of their common interests, and said the workers could not be indicted as criminal conspirators for organizing a labor union or a strike.
Commonwealth v. Hunt was an unusual departure from the pro-business rulings that predominated during that time. While the case set an important precedent, it had little immediate impact on labor laws in the United States. Both the courts and legislature continued to favor business interests over workers until the 1920s and 30s, when various social, economic and political pressures caused a shift more in favor of labor.
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The Commonwealth v. Hunt case of 1842 was a legal judgment issued by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. The court case was on the subject of labor unions. Before the case, the formation of labor unions was strictly prohibited, and those that did could be charged with conspiracy. However, in March of 1842, Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw ruled that labor unions were legal organizations that retained the right to form a strike under the United States Constitution as long as the processes were non-violent and did not disrupt the rights of those around them.
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Commonwealth v. Hunt, 45 Mass. 111, 4 Met. (1842) was a Massachusetts Supreme Court decision that held workers had a right to peaceably assemble for their common interest and declared organizing a union or strike could not be classified as criminal conspiracies.This was an important case, historically, but it did not reach the US Supreme Court and did not set a binding precedent outside the Massachusetts state court system. The federal courts issued contradictory decisions that controlled labor practices well into the early 20th century.For more information, see Related Questions, below.
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