Who was Pope Julius II?

Answer 1

Although people did not see Pope Leo X as a great pope, he was a very bright learner, who deserves a noticeable and well known place among the popes because of the way he emphasized the importance of the church and made Christendom the center of culture. Even though Pope Leo X did sell indulgences and help contribute to the Reformation (even though he did not mean to), you can clearly see that he was also a good Pope, who made some mistakes.

Answer

Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici became a Cardinal-deacon at the age of just 13. He was elected pope, taking the name Leo X, at the age of 36 years, on 9 March 1513, and held this office until his death in 1521. He, in turn, immediately appointed his two sons Giulio de' Medici (aged 20) and Giovanni Angelo de' Medici (aged 14) as Cardinals.

Pope Leo's personal lifestyle was extraordinarily extravagant, but he also provided funds for charities such as retirement homes, hospitals, convents, discharged soldiers, pilgrims, poor students, exiles, cripples and the sick. No matter how much he increased the papal revenue from simony and other sources, he seemed to manage to exceed his income in spending. He continued the rebuilding of St Peter's Basilica, financed by greatly increased sales of indulgences, a decision that led to the Protestant Reformation.

Answer 2

A:

Pope Julius II, who was a nephew (a term that often meant illegitimate son, as was likely the case with Julius) of Sixtus IV, became a cardinal at 18 and was pope for ten years, from 1503 to 1513. When he was elected as pope it was almost certainly by means of bribery, yet having been elected, he issued a bull against the very simony he appears to have engaged in.

His most notable achievements were as patron of the arts and his many military campaigns, although the overall outcome of these campaigns achieved little of real value for the papacy.

Pope Julius II was seen as a dissolute, hyper-aggressive egomaniac by Erasmus, Machiavelli and other contemporaries.

Answer 3

Catholic Answer

Pope Paul III called the Council of Trent:

The 19th Ecumenical Council of the Church was summoned for the purposes of 1) reforming the Church, and 2) combating Protestantism. The nineteenth ecumenical council opened at Trent on 13 December, 1545, and closed there on 4 December, 1563. Its main object was the definitive determination of the doctrines of the Church in answer to the heresies of the Protestants; a further object was the execution of a thorough reform of the inner life of the Church by removing the numerous abuses that had developed in it. The Council of Trent was called by Paul III who was pope from 1534 to 1549 and it first sat in December 1545.

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from the Catholic Encyclopedia article on the Council of Trent

The Ecumenical Council of Trent has proved to be of the greatest importance for the development of the inner life of the Church. No council has ever had to accomplish its task under more serious difficulties, none has had so many questions of the greatest importance to decide. The assembly proved to the world that notwithstanding repeated apostasy in church life there still existed in it an abundance of religious force and of loyal championship of the unchanging principles of Christianity. Although unfortunately the council, through no fault of the fathers assembled, was not able to heal the religious differences of Western Europe, yet the infallible Divine truth was clearly proclaimed in opposition to the false doctrines of the day, and in this way a firm foundation was laid for the overthrow of heresy and the carrying out of genuine internal reform in the Church.

from A Catholic Dictionary, edited by Donald Attwater, Second edition, revised 1957

The Council of TrentThe 19th ecumenical council held at Trent in the Austrian Tyrol, 1545-63, summoned for the purpose of combating Protestantism and reforming the discipline of the Church; the longest and one of the most important of all general councils. It dealt in detail with the doctrinal innovations of the Reformers and with those gross abuses which gave them an opportunity to take root. It was one of the most important events of modern history and has had lasting effect. The principal dogmatic decisions were: the confirmation of the Nicene creed; the authenticity of the Latin Vulgate and the canonicity of all books contained therein and of them only; the definition of the doctrine of Original Sin; the precision of the doctrine of Justification, condemning justification by faith alone and imputation of grace; the condemnation of thirty errors about the sacraments; the definition of the Real Presence and of Transubstantiation as its mode: the precision of the doctrine of the sacraments of penance and Extreme Unction; the declaration that holy communion in both kinds was not necessary for lay-people and clerics not celebrating, Christ being received whole and entire under either species; the precision of doctrine concerning the sacrifice of the Mass and the sacraments of holy Orders and Matrimony; the affirmation of the doctrines of Purgatory, of the invocation of saints, and the veneration of them, their relics and images, and of Indulgences. Far-reaching decrees of reformation in discipline and morals were adopted involving many alterations in canon law, e.g. the decree Tametsi.

Answer 4

Roman Catholic AnswerYou may read about Pope Julius at the link below, he was a warrior, and after being elected pope he continued to pursue military campaigns. On of the reasons that he is famous is that he is the Pope who issued a dispensation for Henry VIII of England to marry his brother's widow. Such a thing was forbidden by Church law, but Catherine of Aragon maintained that she was still a virgin after her six month marriage to Henry's brother, Arthur, so the Pope issued the requested dispensation. Pope Julius also founded the famous Swiss guards who are still on duty currently. AnswerPope Julius II was the patron of Michelangelo, Bramante, and Rapahael. Julius laid the cornerstone for St Peter's basilica and commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling.

And to get money for the new St Peter's he increased the sales of indulgences, which triggered the Reformation.

Julius is also famous for his attempts to regain control over parts of the Papal States and expel the French from Italy. He frequently used threat of excommunication against his enemies and was widely criticized for his martial fervor.

He is known as The Warrior Pope.

Answer 5

Blessed pope Urban II did quite a bit in his time as pope: He prevailed in the investiture controversy, keeping episcopal ordinations as an ecclesiastical and not imperial prerogative. He preached the first crusade at the bequest of the Eastern emperor to defend the Eastern Church from the attacks of the Seljuk Turks. He prevailed against the antipope Clement III, after living in exile from Rome nearly all his reign. He laid the groundwork for the successful rechristianization of Sicily.

Answer 6

A:

Born Giuliano della Rovere, Pope Julius II was the nephew (a term sometimes used for the illegitimate son) of Pope Sixtus IV, who made him a cardinal at 18 years old. Elected as pope in November 1503, almost certainly by means of bribery, he nevertheless issued a bull against simony. He served as pope until February 1513.

Acknowledged to have had three or five children while he was a cardinal, he has been called "one of the most profane and most unecclesiastical figures that ever occupied the chair of St Peter." Erasmus, Machiavelli and other contemporaries saw Julius as a dissolute, hyper-aggressive egomaniac.

Answer 7

Urban is best known for calling for the First Crusade.