(geography) The smallest and geologically the most youthful of the three oceans, whose surface area is 29,300,000 square miles (75,900,000 square kilometers); it is bounded on the north by India, Pakistan, and Iran; on the east by the Malay Peninsula; on the south by Antarctica; and on the west by the Arabian peninsula and Africa.
Indian Ocean
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Indian Ocean |
(′in·dē·ən ′ō·shən)
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Indian Ocean |
| Dictionary: Indian Ocean |
A body of water extending from southern Asia to Antarctica and from eastern Africa to southeast Australia.
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia:
Indian Ocean |
Indian Ocean
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Sci-Tech Encyclopedia:
Indian Ocean |
The smallest and geologically the most youthful of the three oceans. It differs from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans in two important aspects. First, it is landlocked in the north, does not extend into the cold climatic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and consequently is asymmetrical with regard to its circulation. Second, the wind systems over its equatorial and northern portions change twice each year, causing an almost complete reversal of its circulation.
The eastern and western boundaries of the Indian Ocean are 147 and 20°E, respectively. In the southeastern Asian waters the boundary is usually placed across Torres Strait, and then from New Guinea along the Lesser Sunda Islands, across Sunda Strait and Singapore Strait.
The ocean floor is divided into a number of basins by a system of ridges. The largest is the Mid-Ocean Ridge, the greater part of which has a rather deep rift valley along its center. It lies like an inverted Y in the central portions of the ocean and ends in the Gulf of Aden. The Sunda Trench, stretching along Java and Sumatra, is the only deep-sea trench in the Indian Ocean. East of the Mid-Ocean Ridge, deep-sea sediments are chiefly red clay; in the western half of the ocean, globigerina ooze prevails and, near the Antarctic continent, diatom ooze.
Atmospheric circulation over the northern and equatorial Indian Ocean is characterized by the changing monsoons. In the southern Indian Ocean atmospheric circulation undergoes only a slight meridional shift during the year. The surface circulation is caused largely by winds and changes in response to the wind systems. In addition, strong boundary currents are formed, especially along the western coastline, as an effect of the Earth's rotation and of the boundaries created by the landmasses.
North of 10°S the changing monsoons cause a complete reversal of surface circulation twice a year. In February, during the Northeast Monsoon, flow north of the Equator is mostly to the west and the North Equatorial Current is well developed. Its water turns south along the coast of Somaliland and returns to the east as the Equatorial Countercurrent between about 2 and 10°S. In August, during the Southwest Monsoon, the South Equatorial Current extends to the north of 10°S; most of its water turns north along the coast of Somaliland, forming the strong Somali Current. North of the Equator flow is from west to east and is called the Monsoon Current. Parts of this current turn south along the coast of Sumatra and return to the South Equatorial Current. During the two transition periods between the Northeast and the Southwest monsoons in April–May and in October, a strong jetlike surface current flows along the Equator from west to east in response to the westerly winds during these months. See also Ocean circulation.
Both semidiurnal and diurnal tides occur in the Indian Ocean. The semidiurnal tides rotate around three amphidromic points situated in the Arabian Sea, southeast of Madagascar, and west of Perth. The diurnal tide also has three amphidromic points: south of India, in the Mozambique Channel, and between Africa and Antarctica. It has more the character of a standing wave, oscillating between the central portions of the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea, and the waters between Australia and Antarctica.
Columbia Encyclopedia:
Indian Ocean |
Indian Ocean, third largest ocean, c.28,350,000 sq mi (73,427,000 sq km), extending from S Asia to Antarctica and from E Africa to SE Australia; it is c.4,000 mi (6,400 km) wide at the equator. It constitutes about 20% of the world's total ocean area. The Indian Ocean is connected with the Pacific Ocean by passages through the Malay Archipelago and between Australia and Antarctica; and with the Atlantic Ocean by the expanse between Africa and Antarctica and by the Suez Canal. Its chief arms are the Arabian Sea (with the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, and the Persian Gulf), the Bay of Bengal, and the Andaman Sea. The continental shelf of the Indian Ocean is narrow. Madagascar and Sri Lanka, the largest islands in the ocean, are structurally parts of the continents as are Socotra, the Andaman Islands, and the Nicobar Islands; the Seychelles and the Kerguelen Islands are exposed tops of submerged ridges. The Laccadives, the Maldives, and the Chagos are low coral islands, and Mauritius and Réunion are high volcanic cones. The floor of the Indian Ocean has an average depth of c.11,000 ft (3,400 m). The Mid-Oceanic Ridge, a broad submarine mountain range extending from Asia to Antarctica, divides the Indian Ocean into three major sections-the African, Antardis, and Australasian. The ridge rises to an average height of c.10,000 ft (3,000 m), and a few peaks emerge as islands. A large rift, an extension of the eastern branch of the Great Rift Valley that runs through the Gulf of Aden, extends along most of its length (see seafloor spreading). The Mid-Oceanic Ridge, along with other submarine ridges, encloses a series of deep-sea basins (abyssal plains). The greatest depth (25,344 ft/7,725 m) is in the Java Trench, S of Java, Indonesia. The Indian Ocean receives the waters of the Zambezi, Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, Ganges-Brahmaputra, and Irrawady rivers. The surface waters of the ocean are generally warm, although close to Antarctica pack ice and icebergs are found. The Indian Ocean has two water circulation systems-a regular counterclockwise southern system (South Equatorial Current, Mozambique Current, West Wind Drift, West Australian Current) and a northern system, the Monsoon Drift, whose currents are directly related to the seasonal shift of monsoon winds. The southwest monsoon draws moisture from the Indian Ocean and drops heavy rainfall on the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Geography:
Indian Ocean |
Third-largest ocean (after the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean), extending from southern Asia to Antarctica and from eastern Africa to southeastern Australia.
Dialing Code:
The telephone dialing code for: Indian Ocean, Inmarsat |
The country code is: 0
The city code is: 873
Statistics:
Indian Ocean |
Introduction
| Background: | The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude. |
Geography
| Location: | body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia |
| Geographic coordinates: | 20 00 S, 80 00 E |
| Map references: | Political Map of the World |
| Area: | total: 68.556 million sq km note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Java Sea, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies |
| Area - comparative: | about 5.5 times the size of the US |
| Coastline: | 66,526 km |
| Climate: | northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean |
| Terrain: | surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge |
| Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m highest point: sea level 0 m |
| Natural resources: | oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules |
| Natural hazards: | occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches |
| Environment - current issues: | endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea |
| Geography - note: | major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait |
Economy
| Economy - overview: | The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. |
Transportation
| Ports and terminals: | Chennai (Madras; India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (Calcutta; India) Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; India), Richards Bay (South Africa) |
| Transportation - note: | the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of littoral states and offshore waters as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships, particularly in the Gulf of Aden, along the east coast of Africa, the Bay of Bengal, and the Strait of Malacca; numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargoes stolen; crew and passengers are often held for ransom, murdered, or cast adrift |
Transnational Issues
| Disputes - international: | some maritime disputes (see littoral states) |
Wikipedia:
Indian Ocean |
This article is about the water body. For the Indian fusion music band, see Indian Ocean (band).
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2007) |
| Earth's oceans (World Ocean) |
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The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering about 20% of the water on the Earth's surface.[1] It is bounded on the north by South Asia (including India, after which it is named); on the west by Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and Australia; and on the south by the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, by Antarctica).
As one component of the interconnected global ocean, the Indian Ocean is delineated from the Atlantic Ocean by the 20° east meridian running south from Cape Agulhas, and from the Pacific by the meridian of 146°55' east[2]. The northernmost extent of the Indian Ocean is approximately 30° north in the Persian Gulf. The Indian Ocean has asymmetric ocean circulation[citation needed]. This ocean is nearly 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi) wide at the southern tips of Africa and Australia; its area is 73,556,000 square kilometres (28,400,000 mi2), including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.
The ocean's volume is estimated to be 292,131,000 cubic kilometres (70,086,000 mi3).[3] Small islands dot the continental rims. Island nations within the ocean are Madagascar, the world's fourth largest island; Reunion Island; Comoros; Seychelles; Maldives; Mauritius; and Sri Lanka. The archipelago of Indonesia borders the ocean on the east. The ocean's importance as a transit route between Asia and Africa has made it a scene of conflict. Because of its size, however, no nation successfully dominated most of it until the early 1800s when the United Kingdom controlled much of the surrounding land.
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Geography
The African, Indian, and Antarctic crustal plates converge in the Indian Ocean at the Rodrigues Triple Point. Their junctures are marked by branches of the mid-oceanic ridge forming an inverted Y, with the stem running south from the edge of the continental shelf near Mumbai, India. The eastern, western, and southern basins thus formed are subdivided into smaller basins by ridges.
The ocean's continental shelves are narrow, averaging 200 kilometres (125 mi) in width. An exception is found off Australia's western coast, where the shelf width exceeds 1,000 kilometres (600 mi). The average depth of the ocean is 3,890 metres (12,760 ft). Its deepest point, 7258 meters deep, is in the Java Trench[4]. North of 50° south latitude, 86% of the main basin is covered by pelagic sediments, of which more than half is globigerina ooze. The remaining 14% is layered with terrigenous sediments. Glacial outwash dominates the extreme southern latitudes.
Major choke points include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, the Lombok Strait, the Strait of Malacca and the Palk Strait. Seas include Gulf of Aden, Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Great Australian Bight, Laccadive Sea, Gulf of Mannar, Mozambique Channel, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and other tributary water bodies. It is artificially connected to the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal, accessible via the Red Sea.
Limits
The 3rd edition of the International Hydrographic Organization's (IHO) Limits of Oceans and Seas defines the limits of the Indian Ocean as follows:[5]
On the North. The Southern limits of the Arabian Sea and the Laccadive Sea, the Southern limit of the Bay of Bengal, the Southern limits of the East Indian Archipelago, and the Southern limit of the Great Australian Bight.
On the West. From Cape Agulhas in 20° long. East, Southward along this meridian to the Antarctic Continent.
On the East. From South East Cape, the Southern point of Tasmania down the meridian 146°55'E to the Antarctic Continent.
On the South. The Antarctic Continent.
Note that this definition excludes any marginal waterbodies that are separately defined by the International Hydrographic Organization (such as the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea), though these are usually considered to be part of the Indian Ocean.
In 2000 the IHO redefined the Indian Ocean, moving its southern limit to 60°S, with the waters south of that line identified as the Southern Ocean. This new definition has not yet been ratified (a reservation has been lodged by Australia[6]) though it is in use by the IHO and others. If and when adopted, the 2000 definition will be published in the 4th edition of Limits of Oceans and Seas, restoring the Southern Ocean as originally outlined in the 2nd edition and subsequently omitted from the 3rd edition.
Climate
The climate north of the equator is affected by a Monsoon climate. Strong north-east winds blow from October until April; from May until October south and west winds prevail. In the Arabian Sea the violent Monsoon brings rain to the Indian subcontinent. In the southern hemisphere the winds are generally milder, but summer storms near Mauritius can be severe. When the Monsoon winds change, cyclones sometimes strike the shores of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The Indian Ocean is the warmest ocean in the world.
Hydrology
Among the few large rivers flowing into the Indian Ocean are the Zambezi, Shatt al-Arab, Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra, Jubba and Ayeyarwady River. Currents are mainly controlled by the monsoon. Two large circular currents, one in the northern hemisphere flowing clockwise and one south of the equator moving anticlockwise, constitute the dominant flow pattern. During the winter monsoon, however, currents in the north are reversed.
Deep water circulation is controlled primarily by inflows from the Atlantic Ocean, the Red Sea, and Antarctic currents. North of 20° south latitude the minimum surface temperature is 22 °C (72 °F), exceeding 28 °C (82 °F) to the east. Southward of 40° south latitude, temperatures drop quickly.
Surface water salinity ranges from 32 to 37 parts per 1000, the highest occurring in the Arabian Sea and in a belt between southern Africa and south-western Australia. Pack ice and icebergs are found throughout the year south of about 65° south latitude. The average northern limit of icebergs is 45° south latitude.
Sub surface features
As the youngest of the major oceans [7] it has active spreading ridges that are part of the worldwide system of mid-ocean ridges :-
The Ninety East Ridge runs north-south at meridian 90°E, dissecting the Indian Ocean into eastern and western halves. Another submerged mountain range runs approximately north-south between the Atolls of the Maldives and the Chagos Archipelago.
The Kerguelen Plateau is a large submerged continent, of volcanic origin, in the southern Indian Ocean.
The Mascarene Plateau is 2000 km long undersea plateau that lies east of Madagascar.
Economy
The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oil fields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and Western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals, and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
The warmth of the Indian Ocean keeps phytoplankton production low, except along the northern fringe and in a few scattered spots elsewhere; life in the ocean is thus limited. Fishing is confined to subsistence levels. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna.
Endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales.
Oil and ship pollution threatens the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea,
History
The world's earliest civilizations in Mesopotamia (beginning with Sumer), ancient Egypt, and the Indian subcontinent (beginning with the Indus Valley civilization), which began along the valleys of the Tigris-Euphrates, Nile and Indus rivers respectively, had all developed around the Indian Ocean. Civilizations soon arose in Persia (beginning with Elam) and later in Southeast Asia (beginning with Funan).
During Egypt's first dynasty (c. 3000 BC), sailors were sent out onto its waters, journeying to Punt, thought to be part of present-day Somalia. Returning ships brought gold and myrrh. The earliest known maritime trade between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley (c. 2500 BC) was conducted along the Indian Ocean. Phoenicians of the late 3rd millennium BC may have entered the area, but no settlements resulted.
The Indian Ocean is far calmer and thus opened to trade earlier than the Atlantic or Pacific Oceans. The powerful monsoons also meant ships could easily sail west early in the season, then wait a few months and return eastwards. This allowed Indonesian peoples to cross the Indian Ocean to settle in Madagascar.
In the second or first century BC, Eudoxus of Cyzicus was the first Greek to cross the Indian Ocean. Hippalus is said to have discovered the direct route from Arabia to India around this time. During the first and second centuries intensive trade relations developed between Roman Egypt and the Tamil kingdoms of the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas in Southern India. Like the Indonesian peoples above, the western sailors used the monsoon to cross the ocean. The unknown author of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea describes this route and the ports and trade goods along the coasts of Africa and India around AD 70.
From 1405 to 1433, Admiral Zheng He led large fleets of the Ming Dynasty on several voyages to the Western Ocean (Chinese name for the Indian Ocean) and reached the coastal country of East Africa (see Zheng He for reference).
In 1497, Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope and became the first European to sail to India. The European ships, armed with heavy cannon, quickly dominated trade. Portugal at first attempted to achieve pre-eminence by setting up forts at the important straits and ports. But the small nation was unable to support such a vast project, and they were replaced in the mid-17th century by other European powers. The Dutch East India Company (1602–1798) sought control of trade with the East across the Indian Ocean. France and Britain established trade companies for the area. Eventually, Britain became the principal power and by 1815 dominated the area.
The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 revived European interest in the East, but no nation was successful in establishing trade dominance. Since World War II the United Kingdom has withdrawn from the area, to be only partially replaced by India, the USSR, and the United States. The last two tried to establish hegemony[citation needed] by negotiating for naval base sites. Developing countries bordering the ocean, however, seek to have it made a "zone of peace"[citation needed] so that they may use its shipping lanes freely, though the United Kingdom and United States maintain a military base on Diego Garcia atoll in the middle of the Indian Ocean.
On December 26, 2004, the countries surrounding the Indian Ocean were hit by a tsunami caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. The waves resulted in more than 226,000 deaths and over 1 million people were left homeless.
Culture and literature
The Indian Ocean is known as Ratnakara in the ancient Sanskrit literature. Ratnakara means "the maker(creator) of pearls".
Major ports and harbours
Main article: List of ports and harbours of the Indian Ocean
Mumbai is the chief Indian trading port on the coast of Indian Ocean. It is often known as "The Gateway of India". The port of Kochi from the Southern Indian is known as "The Queen of the Arabian Sea". It is the finest natural harbour of India. Kolkata and Chennai are other important ports of India. They control the Indian goods flowing towards the east. Aden is the important Arabian port controlled by the country of Yemen. Perth is the important Australian port. Karachi is the major seaport in Pakistan.
Port Louis, Mauritius is the largest container handling facility in the Indian Ocean and can accommodate fourth and fifth generation container vessels. At present, only Cape Town and Port Louis can achieve that in Sub-Saharan Africa.[8]
See also
Oceans:
References
- ^ The Indian Ocean and the Superpowers. Routledge. 1986. ISBN 0709942419, 9780709942412. http://books.google.com/books?id=2pMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA33&dq=Indian+Ocean+20%25&client=firefox-a#PPA33,M1.
- ^ Limits of Oceans and Seas. International Hydrographic Organization Special Publication No. 23, 1953.
- ^ Donald W. Gotthold, Julia J. Gotthold (1988). Indian Ocean: Bibliography. Clio Press. ISBN 1851090347. http://books.google.com/books?id=ujoRAAAAYAAJ&q=292,131,000+cubic+kilometers&dq=292,131,000+cubic+kilometers&client=firefox-a&pgis=1.
- ^ Indian Ocean Geography, excerpted from: The World Factbook 1994, Central Intelligence Agency
- ^ "Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition". International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
- ^ Darby, Andrew (22 December 2003). "Canberra all at sea over position of Southern Ocean". The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/12/21/1071941610556.html. Retrieved 21 December 2009.
- ^ Stow, D. A. V. (2006) Oceans : an illustrated reference Chicago : University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0226776646 - page 127 for map of Indian Ocean and text
- ^ Port Strategy. "Feeder king". portstrategy.com. http://www.portstrategy.com/archive/2007/march/area_survey_africa__and__indian_ocean_islands/feeder_king. Retrieved 2007-10-14.
External links
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Look up indian ocean in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Indian Ocean |
- NOAA In-situ Ocean Data Viewer Plot and download ocean observations
- The Indian Ocean in World History: Educational Website Interactive resource from the Sultan Qaboos Cultural Center
- The Regional Tuna Tagging Project-Indian Ocean with details of the importance of Tuna in the Indian Ocean..
- Detailed maps of the Indian Ocean
- The Indian Ocean Trade: A Classroom Simulation
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Translations:
Indian Ocean |
Indian Ocean
Dansk (Danish)
n. - Det indiske ocean
Français (French)
n. - Océan Indien
Deutsch (German)
n. - Indischer Ozean
Português (Portuguese)
n. - Oceano Indiano
Español (Spanish)
n. - Océano Indico
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
印度洋
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 印度洋
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - האוקינוס ההודי
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 | Sci-Tech Dictionary. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms. Copyright © 2003, 1994, 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Geography. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Edited by E.D. Hirsch, Jr., Joseph F. Kett, and James Trefil. Copyright © 2002 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved. Read more |
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Mentioned in
- Persian Gulf (Geography)
- Mozambique Channel (arm of the Indian Ocean)
- Timor Sea
- Heard and McDonald Island
- Xaixai
- Mamoutzu
- Pemba
- Crozet Islands
- Amirante Islands
- Sri Lanka (Geography)
- Sumatra (Geography)
- monsoon current (oceanography)
- British Indian Ocean Territory
- Aldabra
