Jullundur

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Jalandhar
Jalandhar Location of Jalandhar in Punjab and India
Country	India
State	Punjab
District(s)	Jalandhar
Commissioner
Population	1,714,077 (2001[update])
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	• 228 m (748 ft)
Codes • Pincode • 144 001 • Telephone • +0181 • Vehicle • PB 08

Coordinates: 31°19′32″N 75°34′45″E / 31.3256°N 75.5792°E / 31.3256; 75.5792 Jalandhar (Punjabi: ਜਲੰਧਰ, Hindi: जलंधर (help·info)), is a city in Jalandhar District in the state of Punjab, India. It was kingdom of a devil namely Jalandhar in Satyuga. It was also known as Prasthala at the time of Mahabharta and it was also known as Jullundur in British times.

Climate

The city has a humid subtropical climate with cool summers and hot winters. Summers last from April To June and winters from November to February. Temperatures in summer vary from average highs of around 48 degrees Celsius to average lows of around 25 degrees Celsius. Winter temperatures vary from highs of 19 degrees Celsius to lows of -5 degrees Celsius. The climate is on the whole dry except during the brief south-west monsoon season during July-August. The average annual rainfall is about 70 cm.

Economy

People take an active part in every event of the city

Jalandhar Bus Stand

Jalandhar is the world's biggest manufacturer of leather tool pouches and aprons with major American and European customers buying from factories in Jalandhar.

Jalandhar was a hub of the Gandhi government's green revolution of India in early 60s. Dr. Dilbag Singh Athwal, world renowned scientist in plant breeding, developed India's first high yield wheat KALYAN. The wheat he name afer his native village Kalyanpur 6 miles (9.7 km) southwest of city of Jalandhar. Later Dr. Athwal headed International Rice Research Institute, International Agricultural Development Service etc. Dr. Athwal took early retirement from his position as senior vice president Rockefeller Institute. The village Kalyanpur (now part of Jalandhar city) have produced prominent scientist including Dr. Raghbir Singh, Dr. Rajbir Kaur, Dr. Iqbal Singh Athwal.

Ja Jalandhar is also quite known for its electrical goods industry. Manufacturers like Standard Switchgears and Apex Electricals, located in Jalandhar.

Languages spoken in Jalandhar

The first language of most people in the city is Punjabi. However, Hindi is widely understood, if not spoken. English is also understood.

Religion

According to the 1991 census, the predominant religions of Jalandhar city are Hinduism (54.54%) and Sikhism (45.46%).Other religions make up around 2.17% of the population.

Media

The city is the media hub of the region having the regional headquarters of Newspapers, National Television and Radio stations. Leading dailies of the country such as: Ajit, Akali Patrika, Amar Ujala, Dainik Jagran, Dainik Bhaskar and Punjab Kesri are published from Jalandhar.

History

Lush greenery after a shower

BMC Chowk

Jalandhar along with Multan is the oldest surviving city of the Trigarta Empire(Punjab region)of Katoch Rulers, with reference in history as far back as A.D. 100.^[1] The Jalandhar Doab ( the region surrounding the city between Beas and Sutlej rivers) also marked the eastern most territory of the empire of Alexander the Great. He erected giant altars in this area to mark the eastern most extent of his empire and also founded a city named Alexandria in the vicinity and left many Macedonian veterans there.

In the 7th Century, when the famous Chinese traveller and pilgrim Hiuen Tsang visited India during the reign of Harsha Vardhana, the Kingdom of Jalandhara or Trigartta was under the rule of Raja Utito (whom Alexender Cunningham identifies with the Rajput Raja Attar Chand of the Katoch dynasty). The kingdom was said to have extended 167 miles (269 km) from east to west and 133 miles (214 km) from north to south, thus including the hill states of Chamba, Mandi and Suket (Himachal Pradesh) and Satadru or Sirhind in the plains. Raja Utito was a tributary of Harsh Vardhana. The Rajput Rajas appear to have continued to rule over the country right up to the 12th century, with occasional interruptions, but their capital was Jalandhar and Kangra formed an important stronghold.

According to the Chinese pilgrim Fa Hien, who traveled India between 399 and 411 C.E., there were a great many Viharas of Buddhism in India. In the Jalandhar Doab, there were as many as 50 Viharas of Buddhism. The Buddhist religion was adopted by a large number of people. As per some historians and scholars the fourth Buddhist Council out of total six Buddhist Councils took place in Jalandhar in the first century AD during the reign of King Kanishaka. Jullundur was, when visited by Hiuen T.siang, a large city,miles in circuit, the capital of a Rajput kingdom.^[2]

Jalandhar became the seat of Nath movement from 8th to 10th century AD, one of its greatest saint was Jalandhar Nath, whose samadhi later became the site of the existing shrine of Imam Nasir-ud-din Chishti in the fifteenth century ^[3]. From the later half of the tenth century up to AD 1019, the district was included in the Shahi Kingdom of the Punjab and Jalandhar was an important city in the region. In about 1188 it fell to the control of Ibrahim Shah of Ghor.^[1] Under the Mughals Jullundur was the capital of a sarkar.^[2]

In 1750 AD Maharaja Ghamand Chand of the Katoch dynasty was made the (first ever Rajput) Nizam of Jalandhar by the Durranis. Many Rajputs lived in and around the surrounding areas of Jalandhar before the partition in 1947. With the partition of the country, many like the Rawal Rajputs went to settle in the Pakistan side of the Punjab, whilst some went to other countries.

Jalandhar was burnt by the Sikhs in 1757 and captured by the Faizullahpuria confederacy in 1766. Ranjit Singh annexed it in 1811, and in 1846 Jullundur became the headquarters of the territory acquired by the British after the first Sikh War.^[2]

During British rule Jullundur became the headquarters, of the Division and District of the same name. According to the 1901 census, the population of the town was 67,535 of whom 14,715 were Hindus, 40,081 Muslim, 901 Sikhs, and 1,543 Christians.^[2]

In 1947 with the independence and partition of India and Pakistan the Muslim population left for Pakistan while Hindus and Sikhs arrived from the other direction.^[4]

Educational Institutions

Jalandhar is also home to some of the major educational institutions of the region. One such is the first private UGC recognised university: Lovely Professional University. It has a vast sprawling campus measuring to about 600 acres (2.4 km²) on national Highway 1 (GT road). The most important engineering institute is .Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, an Institute of National Importance, equivalent to the IITs and IISC. DAV Institute of Engineering and Technology (DAVIET), the Punjab Technical University, Govt. Tanning Institute, Apeejay Institute of Management, DAV College, DOABA College, Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya (HMV), Kanya Maha Vidyalaya (KMV), Mehr Chand Polytechnic, Apeejay College of Fine Arts,Guru Nanak Dev University Regional Campus, Ladhewali, B.D. Arya Girls College, Lyallpur Khalsa College (Major Institute in Northern India having about 9000 students, imparting professional education in Computer Sc & IT), Trinity College, and Sant Baba Bhag Singh Educational Complex are some other prominent educational institutes.

Doaba College Jalandhar

MULTI FACULTY POST GRADUATE CO-EDUCATIONAL PREMIERE INSTITUTION OF NORTHERN INDIA PIONEER AND PROMOTER OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION SINCE 1941 ^[5] Notable graduates have included Yash Chopra, Swraj Paul ,Balwinder Vicy, Gurpreet Ghughi, and Prem Kumar Dhumal, Gurdev Pegany.^[5]

DAV College Jalandhar

The DAV College Jalandhar, a college of Arts, Science and Commerce, has been in operation since its 1918 founding. It is distinguished as the largest in its region and the first four-star college by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)(2001).^[6] Notable graduates have included Har Gobind Khorana, Jagjit Singh, Sukhwinder Singh, and Hans Raj Hans.^[6]

NIT Jalandhar

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar (erstwhile Regional Engineering College) is the eighteenth NIT of the country. Government run, it has been conferred the title of being an Institute of National Importance. It was launched in 1987.^[7]

DAVIET Jalandhar

DAV Institute of Engineering & Technology (DAVIET) Jalandhar has been in operation since 2001.^[8] It is distinguished as the largest educational organization in the country that is not government-run.^[8] The institute offers B. Tech program in six disciplines of Engineering namely Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computer Science Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Civil Engineering along with research programs leading to M.Tech. The Institute has recently started MBA program.

Lyallpur Khalsa College

Lyallpur Khalsa College

Lyallpur Khalsa College—a college of Arts, Science and Commerce—was originally located in Lyallpur, Pakistan, before settling in Jalandhar in 1948.

Jalandhar Cantonment

Vajra Go Karting which is open to civilians also, is a big attraction

Cantonment also called Cantt is dotted with buildings dating back to British era

Construction on Jalandhar Cantonment began in 1848. It is notable not only for its age, as it among the oldest cantonments in the country, but also for its proximity to Pakistan. It figured in the 1920 Connaught Rangers mutiny when Irish soldiers replaced the Union Flag with the Irish Republic's flag.^[9]

Tranportation

Travel options from Delhi include train and road travel. Jalandhar is well connected by trains, including a Shatabdi train from Delhi to Amritsar via Jalandhar which runs twice a day with air-conditioned chair car coaches. Jammu Mail, among others, runs in the night from Delhi to Jalandhar.

Hotels

Popular hotel choices include: The Regent Park Hotel, Skylark Hotel, Dolphin, Hotel Plaza, Majestic Grand, Lilly Resorts, President Hotel, Hotel Roxy, Kamal Palace, Maya Hotels, Raddison Hotel, Country Inn & Suites, Leo Fortune, Taj, Taramount,Hotel Lucky & Pappal Inn., C.K.Jain Inn. etc.

Places of Interest

The community gets together at markets, amusement parks, etc., especially on weekends

Places to visit in Jalandhar: Amongst the various places to visit in Jalandhar a few are The Pushpa Gujral Science City, The Haveli (a restaurant that gives you the feel of the village life in Punjab), Wonderland, Devi Talab Mandir, Gurudwara Singh Sabha (Model Town) etc.

Sister cities

• Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
• Sydney, Australia
• Gangtok, Sikkim

Famous people

• Mr. IC Goloknath fought the fundamental right for land against the government in 1970 in a landmark watershed case which reached the supreme court.
• Grand Ayatollah Bashir Najafi al-Jalandhari. One of the few grand ayatollahs of the Iraqi Shias, who might replace Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, should he pass away, as the leader of the Shiite world and the dean of the learning center of Najaf.
• Diwan Bhai Abdul Hamid, Revenue and Chief Minister of Kapurthala State. b Jullandhar d. Lahore. Basti Danishmandan Jullandhar.
• Mohsin Malik, Sales Officer 5 Rivers G,T Dubai son in law of Tandon family from Pakistan Punjab Lahore.
• Zia Jalandhari, Former MD of PTV during Zia's regime and a famous Urdu poet.
• Hakeem Syed Muhammad Alauddin, Famous Hakeem in Karachi (died 1997).
• Hafeez Jullundhri, Poet, who wrote the current National Anthem of Pakistan
• Lawrence Durrell, writer, born in Jalandhar, on 27 February 1912.
• Kundan Lal Saigal Bollywood actor and singer.
• Mistry Mohammed Hussain, one of them who start sewing machine work in India, teacher of K.L. Saigal
• Baba Kashmira Singh, Famous for their Charity Services.
• Jagjit Singh, famous Indian Ghazal singer studied in DAV College Jalandhar, where his room is still preserved.
• Dalip Singh Rana (The Great Khali), Indian professional wrestler with World Wrestling Entertainment
• Krishan Dev Bhandari Sh. K.D Bhandari won the eletion from Sh.Avtar Henry in the Year 2007 Jullundur North 30
• Avtar henry, ex cabinet minister punjab 2002 -2007
• Yash Chopra, Bollywood director and writer
• Paul Nischal, former N.R.I President, first Indian candidate for the British Political Conservative Party
• Hans Raj Hans, famous Punjabi singer
• Swaraj Paul, first Indian to be given title of Lord by British Government
• Remi Kaler, also known as Remi Clair, Canadian actor.
• Balbir Singh, Sr., Olympian, hockey player
• Iftikhar Ahmed, Famous Indian actor.
• Imtiaz Ahmed, PTV actor (uncle Urfi fame), brother of Iftikhar Ahmed, an Indian actor.
• Ajitpal Singh, Olympian, Hockey player.
• Surjit Singh, Olympian, Hockey player.
• Pargat Singh, Olympian, Hockey player.
• Dharam Singh Uppal, International Athlete, Supritendent of Police.
• I.K. Gujral former Prime Minister of India
• Sunil Dutt, famous Bollywood Actor
• P. Paul Verma, Director, Producer and Writer of Punjabi & Hindi movies.
• Ch. Abdul Hameed Khan, Rehabilitation Commissioner of East and West Pakistan, settled in Lahore Model Town with his wife and sons,Ch.Abdul waheed and Ch. Moin-ud-din Ahmed
• General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, 6th President of Pakistan & Chief of the Pakistan Army
• Harbhajan Singh, Member of Indian National Cricket team
• Wasim Sajjad, two-time Acting President of Pakistan, Ex Chairman of Senate
• Shaikh Anwar-ul-Haq, Former Chief Justice of Pakistan Supreme Court
• Mian Mohammed Sharif, Surveyor General of Pakistan. After the Partition he migrated to Pakistan
• Lala Amarnath, famous Indian cricketer
• Chaudhry Muhammad Ali, 4th Prime Minister of Pakistan
• Swami Shraddhanand, Indian educationist and Arya Samaj missionary
• Wazir Ali, prominent figure in early Indian cricket
• R Paul Dhillon, Indo-Canadian journalist
• Ujjal Dosanjh, Indo-Canadian lawyer and politician
• Sukhbir, Bhangra singer
• Kapil Sibal, Indian politician
• Arun Shourie, Indian journalist, author and politician
• Sheikh Anwarul Haq, 9th Chief Justice of Pakistan
• Agha Sadiq, Pakistani writer and poet
• Mr. Gaurav Walia, member NASA, marine engineer
• Steven Kapur, APACHE INDIAN, Reggae Singer

References

www.stena.com

Dayanand Model Senior Secondary School

External links

• Site About Jalandhar Directory jalandharbuzz.com! Its all about Jalandhar
• Govt. Website on Jalandhar
• Public blog on Jalandhar
• Site About Jalandhar Jalandhari.com
• Website about the Jalandhari presence in the UK, Centre for Applied South Asian Studies (CASAS)