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This is called a "Constitutional Convention", and need not be directed by a legislature or Congress to occur, but can also be initiated spontaneously by the people, in assembly.

Distinguish the framing of a proposed State constitution, and the chartering of a new State to the Union:

U.S. Const., Art. IV, Sec. 3, Cl. 1:

"New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new States shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress."

Thus, if the United States Virgin Islands, or Puerto Rico, Guam, or American Samoa, or the District of Columbia, etc. sought statehood, the State legislatures and the Congress would have to affirmatively decide to confer this and include these territories as U.S. States. This has not happened since the admission of Hawai'i to the Union on August 21, 1959.

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Enabling Act

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Q: A congressional act directing a territory that What is to become a state to frame a proposed state the US Constitution is called?
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