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Prior to the 1500s, the Church was looked to as the authority on knowledge. Unlike today, where thousands of Christian sects exist, prior to the 1500s and Martin Luther's Reformation, there was only one Christian Church in existence, led by the Pope, whom Christians all over Europe understood to possess infallibility, which was why they had authority on knowledge. Only with the secession of Martin Luther and the rise of Protestantism did confusion begin to flourish as to who or what was the final authority of knowledge. But from the 1st to 15th century AD, it was understood to be the Church.

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15y ago
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8y ago

Most knowledge and education was administered by the Church prior to A.D. 1500, and even rulers bowed to the Church as they realized that their final destination was not on this earth. So final authority rested with the Bishops and the Holy Father in Rome, at least in the Western world from roughly A.D. 340-1500.

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Q: Before the 1500s who and what were the final authority on knowledge?
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