No, they can only express an opinion. see link
16yo can not choose custodial parent at all. The court might listen to your opinion but that is it. And no, step parents do not have any legal right to the child.
you would have to take the matter to child services but i believe so.
Only if his or her parent(s) or primary custodial parent agrees to the living arrangements.
No. The 16 year old must wait until the case is settled. * Legally, no, but it is highly unlikely the court would order the minor to return to the custodial parent's home unless the non custodial parent was not supplying an acceptable living environment.
see Related Link
I'm in KCMO. and the answer is no. See related link.
That depends on the policy.
Not arbitrarily. The custodial parent would have to receive permission from the court for the change in residence.
See related question, but you do not want to complain to family services, as the child will simply be put into foster care, than returned to the custodial parent. In less than 15% of the cases do they give the child to the other parent. The other parent will need to collect evidence and file a custody challenge. The child has the right to an opinion, but not to choose.
Then the child should petition the court (or have the non-custodial parent petition the court, more likely) to modify the custody order. If the custodial parent is "gone for most of the year" and leaving the child in the care of someone else, the court will probably consider that a significant factor.
Yes, if the state require consent from the legal guardian since the non-custodial parent is not the legal guardian. And yes, because the non-custoduial parent does not have the legal right to make that kind of decision for the child. The non-custodial parent could face sanctions from the court. The custodial parent could sue to have the non-custodial parent pay to have the tattoo removed.
The parent who is considered the custodial parent.