Battery acid does not build up, there is a fixed amount. Provided the battery is kept topped up with pure (distilled) water to replace any lost gases during charging, it should last a few years. There should be no battery acid in the engine. The engine needs battery power only for starting.
a weak battery will not cause an engine vibration.
A dead battery would not cause an engine to seize
A dirty or clogged air filter would cause excessive fuel consumption, and it could cause the engine to surge, but I'm not sure about the drop in your alternator guage.
The alternator produces power to charge the battery. The battery powers the starter to turn the engine over.
It will cause sever engine wear. The crankshaft will make contact with the excess oil and create a froth of oil mixed with air. This froth is a poor lubricate which will cause severe engine wear. Drain out the excess oil immediately.
If it stays on all the time it will drain the battery
Yes, and disconnecting the battery while the engine is running can severely damage the computers
Very much so. Excess fuel caused by a leaking injector can wash the bore, this can cause a seizure. Also excess fuel can dilute the engine oil, again causing a possible engine seizure . And on a lighter note, leaking injectors can certainly damage the contents of your wallet.
P1684 - Transmission - Battery Power To Module Disconnected if battery was disconected for a while or battery replaced, it can cause to set this DTC
Eliminating the ballast resistor will cause excess current through the coil, and will cause excess current through the points.When that happens, the points and/or coil will fail prematurely.
Yes it will
Could be a bad battery or starter.