No, they had no idea what Australia might have looked like. When they arrived, they thought Aboriginals were dirty looking people because they had missing front teeth. But that was only because they are signs of their initiation (a ceremony when a boy becomes a man).
if not in bed by a certain time you will get a whipping and that is all i know
Convicts had to clean the deck and look after themselves.
I don't know their names, in fact I don't think they recorded them. But pretty much everyone on the first fleet was Christian from the commanders and marines to the convicts and settlers.
1. James Cook did not discover Australia.2. It is impossible to know how many people have come to Australia and/or settled here since 1788, which was when the First Fleet of convicts arrived, some 18 years after Cook charted the eastern coast of Australia.
whips and chains, a bit like those dungen chicks domo's
As near as can be determined from records, it is believed that a total of around 162,000 convicts came to Australia, from the time of the First Fleet in 1788 until the cessation of transportation with the final shipload of convicts to Western Australia in 1868.
The convicts used buckets. The officers and marines had more civilised circumstances, but certainly not toilets as we know them today. The toilets were simple wooden seats over holes that emptied straight into the ocean.
Contrary to common belief, convicts did not have "uniforms". They wore just the clothes they were wearing at the time of their sentencing. Some convicts had a second set of clothes, but these were invariably stolen enroute to Australia.
Cascade brewery in Tasmania, year not know but it was from the time of the convicts
The captain and crew of the First Fleet's ships had extensive and detailed maps from the various expeditions of Dutch explorers, improved further by the charts of English explorers William Dampier and James Cook.
Prior to boarding the First Fleet, the convicts were stripped of everything they had. They could not even take a spare set of clothes with them. many of them had not seen their families for many months, as they had been aboard the ships for some time before the fleet actually sailed. The convicts felt confused, disoriented and bewildered: they were travelling thousands and thousands of miles from their homes. They were afraid: uncertainty for their future lay ahead, and many of them didn't even know where New South Wales was. The health of the First Fleet convicts was surprisingly good, and better than subsequent fleets. Captain Arthur Phillip considered the needs of the convicts, ensuring that there was sufficient lime juice to help prevent scurvy. Phillip did not condone violence towards or abuse of the convicts. The First Fleet had the best record of all the other fleets for health and treatment of the convicts. Nonsetheless, the convicts experienced considerable seasickness, especially when the fleet sailed through turbulent seas and encountered stormy weather on the last leg from Cape Town to New South Wales. Captain Phillip avoided having the convicts come above decks when the ships hit the rainstorms and wild weather once they crossed the equator, because he knew they had no linens or blankets to dry themselves, and he wanted to limit illness among the convicts. The women were often violated: they were used and abused by the male soldiers who were keen for a bit of entertainment. While the women were subject to be used promiscuously by the sailors, in many cases they were quite willing to sell themselves for a bit of extra food.
no