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How does a Michelson interferometer convert phase modulation into amplitude modulation?
Wiki User
∙ 14y ago
initially the two beams i.e. one reflected and one transmitted from semi reflecting glass were in different phase but when they superimpose two interference take place - constructive and destructive. since in both the interferences amplitude changes.
Wiki User
∙ 14y ago
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What is the difference between IR and FT IR instruments?
A standard IR runs a single spectrum. An FT-IR uses an interferometer and makes several scans and then uses Fourier Transforms to convert the interferogram into an infrared spectrum.
Is the loudness of a sound wave is related to its amplitude?
From a wave model perspective, the intensity of a sound (i.e. its "loudness") is dependent on the amount of energy that the sound wave carries. The energy of the wave is proportional to the amplitude, how far the wave goes up and down. Thus, the intensity of voice is dependent on how much force you applied to the air passing through your vocal cords, thus displacing them more (thus a bigger amplitude). Try it, put your hand to your throat and feel which sound is more noticeable (when you whisper, or when you shout).
One square yard is equals to?
That depends what you want to convert it into.That depends what you want to convert it into.That depends what you want to convert it into.That depends what you want to convert it into.
How do you convert a diol into an aldehyde?
How do you convert a diol into an aldehyde?
How do you convert arms to watts?
convert arms to watts
How do you convert hz to decibles?
You don't. Hz (always capitalized) is the unit for measuring frequency or pitch. dB is the unit for measuring amplitude or relative loudness of the sound. You cannot convert a frequency measurement to an amplitude measurement.
What do am radios convert sound into?
AM transmitters convert sound into amplitude modulated radio waves which am radios convert into electrical pulses which speakers convert into air waves that are converted into sound by our eardrum.
How do you convert FM to PM and PM to FM waves?
In order to convert fm to pm, the modulation index must be set to be independent instead of having a variation. Then the receivers must be properly synchronized.
What is the difference between IR and FT IR instruments?
A standard IR runs a single spectrum. An FT-IR uses an interferometer and makes several scans and then uses Fourier Transforms to convert the interferogram into an infrared spectrum.
Define ampitude of a sound wave?
The Amplitude of a sound is it's loudness. It is possible to convert a sound wave into a transverse wave and see it on a CRO. (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) A quiet sound has a low aplitude and a loud sound therefore has a high amplitude.
Why modulation is necessary in wired network?
Reasons for modulation in wired media........... 1. If we use square wave directly it will require high bandwidth so we convert it to sine wave which requires low bandwidth. 2. If the wire length is smaller than wavelength it will radiate the signal and act as an antenna.
How does sound travel in a radio?
Sound can generally be developed by three primary methods. AM, FM and digital. In AM (amplitude modulation) the frequency is modulated, or to put it in layman's terms, the frequency is changed to be either louder or softer by changing the amplitude of the frequency. In FM, the frequency itself is changed, either slightly higher or lower. For stereo, the frequency is divided into the + and - and each half is changed with what is called a stereo generator, that actually does the division of the frequencies into their positive and negative portions and than applies the modulation. In digital, there's several methods. Digital can be applied to both AM and FM, and if seen in a spectrum analyser, it looks as though there's "little bumps" in various portions of the sine wave. In quadrature modulation, there will be four bumps per sinusoidal cycle, which can either be four parts of a single digital signal, or four distinctly different signals on the carrier wave. This can be multiplied several times to carry many signals on the same frequency. In all cases however, sound is placed on the carrier (the frequency of the transmitter) as an electromagnetic wave. And in each instance, the receiver is of the type to match the type of wave sent out and they type of modulation. Then the receiver has in it what is called a `descrimination circuit` which purpose is to separate the modulation (sound) from the carrier and convert it to usable information for the amplifier to convert to sound. Digital operates a bit differently, but the end result is the same. I know this is a layman's answer to your question, but we could spend hours on radio theory and only begin to scratch the surface. I any case, I hope you find this answer helpful, and maybe someone would care to add additional information.
What is amplitude demodulator?
(I am assuming you want to know what an "AM Demodulator" is, as follows) AM stands for Amplitude Modulation, perhaps the most basic kind of modulation of a radio carrier wave. Information, typically voice or music, is impressed on a radio carrier by simply varying the strength or 'amplitude' of the carrier (which is ordinarily at a much higher frequency than the information signal) versus time. An AM Demodulator, then, is a device which recovers the original signal, that is the voice or music, from the modulated carrier wave after it has been transmitted from the source to the receiver (which typically filters and amplifies the received signal before it is applied to the demodulator). The simplest AM Demodulator is a simple "diode", a 2 terminal semiconductor (or vacuum tube) device which, together with another filter, can convert the AM modulated carrier directly into the original form, discarding the carrier wave in the process. This is known as an "Envelope Detector". Other types of AM Demodulators exist, principally the "Product Detector". See the subtopic "AM Radio" in the Wikipedia entry for "Demodulation" for a little more information (it's not overly technical).
What are the application of peak detector?
to detect maximum peak os AC signal and convert to DC signal
Why you need modulation?
It might be helpful to have a working definition of modulation before making a statement as to why it is needed. In fact, with an understanding of what modulation is, it will be obvious why it is included in electronic communications.Modulation is the "message" or the "intelligence" that is impressed on a radio frequency (RF) carrier. When we transmit a signal, we generate a carrier frequency, and then we modulate it. We "add" the message or the information we wish to transmit by modulating the carrier in some way. There are at least a dozen different modulation schemes ranging from simple to real head scratchers. They either modify the amplitude, the frequency or the phase of the carrier. Let's look at a few.The simplest modulation technique is taking the transmitted signal and turning it on and off. It is "keyed" to send a series of pulses. Morse code uses on-off keying. In this method of modulation, no modification of the RF carrier signal itself is made. It is simply switched on and off. (It could be looked at as amplitude modulation with the carrier either at zero amplitude or at "maximum" amplitude with nothing in between.) A series of pulses can be transmitted. With Morse code, a short "on" period will send a dot or "dit" out. If we extend the "on" period a bit, we can send a dash or "dah" out. Nothing real sophisticated here, but basic and effective communication. There are obvious limits to how fast information can be transmitted with this modulation scheme. (But don't tell the hams who still use it!)Most of us are familiar with AM radio. AM is amplitude modulation. The amplitude of the RF carrier is modified to modulate it. The amplitude of the modulating signal will determine the amount that the amplitude of the carrier is changed. (The volume of the modulation determines how much the amplitude of the carrier is changed. The frequency of the modulating signal determines the rate of change of the amplitude of the carrier. (The frequency of the modulation determines how fast the amplitude of the carrier is changed.). The frequency of the carrier is held constant through all this.How about FM? In frequency modulation, the amplitude of the carrier is constant. It's left alone. But the frequency of the RF carrier is changed. It is swung above and below where it sits (it's assigned center frequency) at a rate proportional to the frequency of the modulating signal, and at an amount proportional to the amplitude of the modulating signal. In FM single sideband, the carrier frequency and the frequencies above the carrier are transmitted and the frequencies below the carrier are suppressed (upper sideband transmission). Or the frequencies below the carrier are transmitted with the carrier and the upper frequencies are suppressed (lower sideband transmission). In conventional television, the video signal is single sideband, suppressed carrier. It's like "regular" upper sideband transmission except the carrier signal is suppressed. Sideband transmission "saves" space on the RF spectrum. And it works because we really don't need "all" of the FM signal to demodulate the signal at the receiver.Other forms of modulation become more complex. CDMA (code division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access) and other methods are used in cell phones to modulate the carrier so the digital data stream can be impressed on the carrier.Modulation is the addition of intelligence to a carrier signal. It's the message. Modulation is necessary because the point of communication is getting the message through.A Simple answer:Simply this... Any communications medium: e.g. Free space - radio waves, Air - Sound waves or radio waves, Optical Fibre - Light, Copper Wires Electrical Anergy (with frequency limits of the copper wire construction) is made for a certain type of signal. But if the signal we want to send is not compatible with the medium, then it does not travel well.Modulation changes the information we want to send from it's original form, into one that is more compatable with the medium we are trying to use.For example, your computer speaks digital over a TCP/IP LAN which requires CAT 5 or better rated cables,, but to connect to your internet service provider (ISP), you need to send the signal over the wires of the telephone company (made for voice tones). To make this connection, and ADSL modem (modulator/demodulator) is used to convert the data into audio tones, which pass over the telephone line, and at the far end are converted back to digital to join the service providers network. in the reverse direct the ISP does the same, and the signals are de-modulated, back to data for your network.Or in simple terms, Its about best use of the medium. Everything else is just a away of doing it. And there are a lot of possible ways to choose.
How do electrical PULSES convert to radio SIGNAL?
Your question is quite incomplete. If you want to convert a PwM (pulse width modulated) infrared signal, just pass on the width info to a fixed carrier wave (amplitude modulate it), and the job is done. At the other end, demodulate using standard If stage as in any superheterodyne radio reciever.
Is the loudness of a sound wave is related to its amplitude?
From a wave model perspective, the intensity of a sound (i.e. its "loudness") is dependent on the amount of energy that the sound wave carries. The energy of the wave is proportional to the amplitude, how far the wave goes up and down. Thus, the intensity of voice is dependent on how much force you applied to the air passing through your vocal cords, thus displacing them more (thus a bigger amplitude). Try it, put your hand to your throat and feel which sound is more noticeable (when you whisper, or when you shout).
