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How did Egyptian architecture influence early Greek and Roman architecture?
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
One of the most important influences of Egyptian architecture on greek and roman architecture was the establishment of basic elements of the column. The Egyptians established the basic design of a column, which consists of three parts: a pedestal (at the bottom), the column itself, and the capital (at the top). The Greeks stole the basic Egyptian design and took off with it. They developed three classical orders of architecture, distinguished by the style of the capitals and the shape and size of the columns. These three orders (Doric, Ionic and Corinthian), along with two more (Composite and Tuscan) added by the Romans, persist into this day.
Text quoted from History of architecture 1 handouts
I would add that the Greeks developed the fluted column (not completely round but 'scalloped'), which the Egyptians did not use. The Greek columns got smaller towards the top, so the column actually looks taller than it is. Also, note that the Greeks needed to place the columns close together, otherwise the flat stone held up by two neighboring columns would crack in the middle. The Romans invented the arch, unknown to the early Greeks and Egyptians, allowing more space between columns. The principle of the arch was the same as the domed roof, allowing a huge, empty space underneath. (Cf. the Parthenon in Rome). --- It is probable that Egyptian mathematics, highly developed for land-surveying in relation to Nile-irrigated agriculture, was a necessary precursor to the calculations necessary for building the Greek and Roman temples and other monuments.
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
Wiki User
∙ 10y agoIt is difficult to ascertain the actual extent of Etruscan influence on Rome. The fashionable theory that the Etruscans conquered or dominated Rome, or that the urban development of Rome in the 5th century BC was due to the Etruscans has been challenged. The evidence base of this theory is flimsy and it is based on unproven assumptions. Recent archaeological evidence suggests a different picture. Moreover, the Etruscan civilisation disappeared quite early and very little Etruscan writing, which has not been fully deciphered, has survived. There are very little archaeological finds in the city of Rome because the Etruscans had an influence in the archaic (early) days of Rome and ancient Rome was continually redeveloped over the many centuries of its history. The Etruscans were one of the various peoples who had some influence on Roman religion. Early Roman architecture might have been influenced by the Etruscans as well as the Greeks. However, if this was the case, the Etruscan order (style) was soon abandoned. The Roman preferred the Greek orders because the Etruscan one was unadorned and rustic.
According to the Roman tradition, the 5th king of Rome introduced the following Etruscan customs:
• The celebration of triumphs in Etruscan style
• The golden chariot of the king
• The fasces, a bundle of wooden sticks with an axe sticking out in the middle. This was used by the lictors, the guards of the consuls and the praetor. They were also a symbol of the power and authority of the consuls and the praetor.
• The clothes worn by people in positions of authority. The trabea, the robe worn by the king and then the consuls and priests during public ceremonies. The toga praetexta, the robe worn by higher officers of state and the curule chair they sat on as a symbol of their authority. The paludamnetum, a cloak worn by generals and their higher officers when commanding an army (but not during peace).
• The falera, round ornamental metal disks for helmets, armour and harness of horses.
The Romans were deeply influenced by the Greek, both in he archaic (early stage and in her classical period.
The arrival of the Greeks who established colonies (settlements) in Italy had a profound effect on the peoples they came into contact with. Etruscan civilisation arose from trade with an influence from these Greeks in a process which has been called the orientalising process, which involved, among other things, the borrowing of Greek artistic and architectural models, and the adoption and adaptation of the western Greek alphabet. As already mentioned, these Greeks also influenced the early Latins.
Archaeological finds have shown that Latin cities in the archaic age were influenced by both Etruscans and the Greeks from Cumae, a Greek city near Naples. This is not surprising as both were neighbours.
Later the Roman elites looked up to the Greeks of Mainland Greece Their education was both in Latin and Greek and they were fluent in Greek. The highest stage in their education was a stay in Greece to study Greek philosophy. The earliest educators in Rome were Greeks. In Rome there were Greek libraries as well as Latin ones. The Romans adopted some Greek gods and linked their gods to the Greek ones. They also absorbed much of Greek mythology. Roman architecture and sculpture were based on Greek models, hence the term Greco-Roman art, and Greek artists were highly praised in Rome.
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What is the order of these languages roman Phoenician semitic Egyptian and greek?
1)Egyptian 2)Semetic 3)Phoenician 4)Greek 5)Roman
Who inventedRoman villas?
A Roman architect who possibly studied Greek architecture.
How did Greeks and romans influence the Renaissance?
Renaissance means re-birth. In this period, especially in Italy, there was a re-birth of interest in the classics (the Greeks and the Romans) which had been ignored for centuries. The Italian elites learnt Latin and read Latin authors. Italian scholars travelled around the monasteries of Europe to find the transcriptions of Roman manuscripts by monks which Charlemagne had commissioned centuries earlier and had been forgotten. Some artists travelled to find Roman and Greek works of art. Artists were influenced by the notions of realism and beauty of the Romans, which contributed to the revolution in painting of the time. Themes from Roman mythology were extensively used in paintings. Sculptors (especially Michelangelo) were inspired by Roman reproductions of Greek statues which were unearthed in Rome in this period. Painters also studied these statues to learn to draw the human body as they were so impressive. Architecture was also influenced by the architecture of the Romans. Brunelleschi went to Rome to study the dome of the Pantheon before he built the dome of the Florence cathedral. After the textbook on Roman architecture by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius was discovered, the canons of Roman architecture became the canons of Italian and then western European architecture. Greek influence came at a later stage. Most Greek books had been lost and hardly anybody could read Greek. Things changed with the fall of the Byzantine Empire. When the Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453, many Greek scholars went to Italy and taught Greek and the Greek classics. Ancient Greek influence spread quickly.
What was the Roman architecture was heavily influenced by?
The Greek styles of columns - Ionian, Doric, Corinthian.
How did Greek mythology influence roman mythology?
Many Roman gods were direct copies of Greek gods simply renamed; as in Zeus becoming Jupiter, Hades becoming Pluto, etc.
What did interest in Greek and Roman antiquity during the eighteenth century greatly influence?
painting. architecture. literature. all of the above
What has the author William Hugh Plommer written?
William Hugh Plommer has written: 'Ancient and classical architecture' -- subject(s): Ancient Architecture, Architecture, Ancient, Architecture, Greek, Architecture, Roman, Greek Architecture, Roman Architecture
Why is Roman culture called greco-Roman?
the roman borrowed from Greek religion, literature and architecture
What was Greek and roman style architecture about?
dude
Did the Greeks or Romans influence architecture such as the dome shape?
The main Greek influence has come through the way it influenced Roman architecture. Much of Renaissance architecture was influenced by Roman architecture. Brunelleschi, the great early Renaissance architect went to Rome to study Roman buildings. A big influence was the discovery of De Architecta, a text book on (Roman) architecture by Vitruvius, a Roman architect and engineer. Palladium was the father of the Palladian style which became very popular in Britain, which was based on the roman mansion. The neo-classical style was based on gthe Graeco-roman style. The dome was a great Roman achievement The Pantheon and the Hagia Sophia have been regarded as yardsticks for later domes.
Does European architecture evolved from greek architecture?
Some of European architectural styles were influenced by Greco-Roman styles. The Italian Renaissance was a period of rediscovery of the classics (Romans and Greeks). Many famous architects of the time were influenced by Roman architecture, which in turn had been influenced by Greek architecture. Some of these architects had an enduring influence in Europe. This influence was also continued by the Neo-classical style of the 18th and 19th centuries. In the early Middle Ages there was also the Romanesque style which copied Roman styles. However, the mentioned styles are only some of the European styles. Some western European styles were not influenced by Greek or Roman styles, the most notable of these being the Gothic style. In Eastern Europe there were also styles that did not have a Greek influence.
What civilization inspired roman art and architecture?
greek
What influenece did the Greeks have on the Romans?
The ancient Greek culture became part of Roman culture. Romans admired the philosophy, poetry, and the prose of the ancient Greeks. The architecture in Athens for example had an influence on Roman architecture. Greek tutors even as slaves were teachers of the aristocratic Romans. The early Roman army used the Greek phalanx for a time. Most upper class Romans could speak Greek as well as Latin.
What is the order of these languages roman Phoenician semitic Egyptian and greek?
1)Egyptian 2)Semetic 3)Phoenician 4)Greek 5)Roman
What would your name be if you were an Egyptian or Greek or Roman god?
It would be in Egyptian/Greek/Roman; as in, have a translation in that language of a word (or two) that means something of significance.
What country influenced most of the architecture of buildings in Washington dc?
It is a mixture of Greco-Roman and Egyptian-inspired architecture.
How did architecture of constantinople compare to roman architecture?
Roman architecture focused on creating inside spaces and practicality. Greek architecture as seen in Constantinople was more ornate and focused on the outside.
