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They used indentured servants.
For this answer, you should look at Bacon's Rebellion- Where Nathanial Bacon revolted against the governor of Virginia, attempting to burn down all of Jamestown. The reason the former indentured servants threatened the elit is because Bacon's mob was comprised of jaded indentured servants (who were getting the short end of the stick when it came to land) and African slaves. After the uprising, none of the wealthy settlers wanted to hire indentured servants, so they turned to African slavery as their main means of labor.
The most important social distinction in the seventeenth century Chesapeake colony was between the wealthy elite plantation owners and the indentured servants and enslaved laborers. The plantation owners had immense wealth and power, while the indentured servants and enslaved laborers were largely dependent on them for work and survival. This distinction shaped the economic and social structure of the colony, with the plantation owners dominating both politically and economically.
There was a decline in availability of indentured servants from England. The indentured servants from England weren't good workers. Indentured servitude was outlawed in the colonies.
Indentured servant were significant in populating the early Americas. Many of the first colonists gained passage to the colonies as indentured servants.
indentured servants
the majority of the English migrants to chesapeake were indentured servants the majority of the English migrants to chesapeake were indentured servants
By the end of the 1600s, indentured servants were being given 25 acres of land, and their freedom. The first blacks that came to America in the 1610s were treated as indentured servants, and slavery was not decided on the basis.
one quarter
During the 17th century, the fields of the Chesapeake were predominantly worked by indentured servants and enslaved Africans. Indentured servants were European individuals who worked in exchange for passage to the American colonies, while enslaved Africans were forcibly brought to the region to work on plantations.
Africa
Slaves formed families and had children.
declining death rates made slaves more profitable than indentured servants
Indentured servants.
Indentured servants in the southern colonies in the 1600s were typically poor Europeans who agreed to work for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the New World. They often faced harsh living and working conditions, and many did not live to see the end of their indenture. Their labor was crucial for the development of the southern colonies' economy, particularly in industries like tobacco and rice farming.
normally single, lower-class males in their teens or early twenties.
Some synonyms for indentured servants include apprentices, bondmen, and bonded laborers.