Information about silk route and improving communication routes in the regions of altitude?

Answer 1

The Silk Road (from German: Seidenstraße) or Silk Route is a modern term referring to a historical network of interlinking trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass that connected East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean and European world, as well as parts of North and East Africa. Extending 4,000 miles (6,500 km), the Silk Road gets its name from the lucrative Chinese silk trade along it, which began during the Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD). The central Asian sections of the trade routes were expanded around 114 BC by the Han dynasty,[1][not in citation given] largely through the missions and explorations of Zhang Qian,[2] but earlier trade routes across the continents already existed.

Trade on the Silk Road was a significant factor in the development of the civilizations of China, the Indian subcontinent, Persia, Europeand Arabia. Though silk was certainly the major trade item from China, many other goods were traded, and various technologies, religions and philosophies, as well as the Bubonic Plague (the "Black Death"), also traveled along the Silk Routes.

The main traders during Antiquity were the Indian and Bactrian traders, then from the 5th to the 8th century the Sogdian traders, then afterward the Arab and Persian traders.

… In the 1st - 3rd centuries AD the Silk Road connected the four most powerful ancient empires - European Roman Empire, the Parthian Empire in the Near and Middle East, the Kushan Empire in the south of Central Asia, Afghanistan and Chinese Hang Empire in the Far East. Although they struggled for the domination over the key points of trade, it was possible for all of them to provide caravan routes stability.

International trade intensified. China received from Central Asia woolen fabrics, carpets, jewelry, lazurites and thoroughbred horses, and exported silk fabrics, iron, nickel, furs, teas, paper, and gunpowder. India exported spices and fragrances. Via Iran Rome imported Chinese silk which was worth its weight in gold there. Via Khoresm caravans went to Eastern Europe.

The main road passed through Dunhuan, Khami, Turfan, Kashgar, Uzgen, Osh, Khiva, Andizhan, Kokand, Samarkand, Bukhara and Merv. In Merv (now Mary in Turkmenistan) the Silk Road split. One branch went via Khoresm to Volga, to Eastern Europe. That made it possible to deliver goods China, India, Central Asia to Russia: Kiev, Novgorod, and later -Moscow. Another branch went via Balkh and the lands of modern Afghanistan to India. The third went to Bagdad and further to the Mediterranean Sea. There the goods were loaded on ships and delivered to Egypt, Byzantium, and Italy.

However, the political situation changed. Only Byzantium left from the Roman Empire, the Parthian Empire was replaced by the state of Sassanids, the Kushan and Hang empires broke up into a number of states conflicting with each other. The break in the functioning of the Silk Road lasted until the 6th century when new strong regional powers started to appear in Eurasia. s the world is becoming advanced so the facellities and communication level of silk route is also improving .new things trains veichle and satlliets are used i it

Answer 2

information about silk route

Answer 3

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Answer 4

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