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Yes, and it still is.

There is a simple reason for this. When crowned, the monarch takes over the role of being Supreme Governor of the Church of England under Christ. Hence, the current queen is the governor of the Church of England - a protestant denomination. In addition to this she was also given the title 'Defender of the Faith' in that she is to uphold the protestant, Biblical faith against what may be seen as heresies, not only by the Roman Catholic Church (in purgatory, indulgences, over-veneration of Mary, veneration of relics, praying to dead saints etc) but also by heretical sects such as Jehovah's Witnesses.

Therefore, she, and her successors, cannot be in a position of being a Catholic when defending protestant ideals and doctrine. At the Coronation, the monarch confesses a belief in God, and vows that he/she will be true to the position that, it is believed, God has given him or her by his grace.

If you look at any British coin you will see the following surrounding the queen's head:

Elizabeth II: D G : REG : F D

This stands for Elizabeth II Deo Gratia (by the grace of God) Regina (queen) Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith). Therefore, having a Catholic on the throne would make the monarch's spiritual role untenable - as meaningless as having a protestant as a pope.

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Q: Was it illegal for monarchs to be Catholic in 1600?
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