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monkys
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What is the relationship between audit risk and test of controls and substantive test?
Test of account balances to verify the correctness of the amounts. The three forms of substantive tests are: (1) tests of transactions (which are often conducted concurrently with compliance tests); (2) tests of balances; and (3) analytical review procedures.Tests of transactions and balances gather evidence of the validity of the accounting treatment of transactions and balances. They are designed to identify errors and irregularities. Statistical sampling may be used in determining the accuracy of financial statement numbers.Tests of transactions may be conducted continually throughout the audit year or at or close to the balance sheet date. When the CPA traces a sales invoice from the journal to the ledger for correctness, it is called a transaction test. When the CPA compares the book balance of cash to the book balance, it is a test of balances. This test is done near or at the year-end reporting date. Another substantive test is calculating interest expense on corporate debt and verifying the amount in the financial records. analyticalreviewprocedures involve examining the reasonableness of relationships in financial statement items and uncovering variations from trends. The procedures may be applied to overall financial information, financial data of segments, and individual elements. If relationships appear reasonable, evidence corroborating the account balance exists.hope you get ur answer :)M.Salman Pasha
If a company converts a short-term note payable into a long-term note payable what would this transaction do?
decrease the current ratio and decrease the acid-test ratio
What is work through test in audit test?
In audit there is no such thing as a work through test. What exists is a walk through test. This test- Walk through test is a test for the auditors to determine the reliability of the client's accounting and internal control procedures.
Maxall company audit solution?
Meaning of Substantive Audit and the approach applied in EM's Audit of Maxall.What do you think the auditors meant by the term "Substantive Audit"? Was the substantive approach appropriately applied in EM's audit of Maxall?Here the term substantive Audit refers to the test of account balances with respect to the transactions relating to it.Yes the substantive approach was appropriately applied in this audit which was confined to Accounts Receivables, in relation to sales.Comparison of Audit Procedures that are in accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards.Identify and discuss specific audit process/procedures that the auditor(s) performed that were in accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards.We have got three types of tests performed under substantive audits, as per the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards, namely(I) Test of Transactions,(II) Test of balances(III) Analytical review procedures.(I) Test of transaction: It is an auditing procedure related to examining specified transactions and supporting documentation. It is part of the testing process used by the auditor to check internal-controls reliability. It is undertaken to gather evidence so that an audit opinion can be rendered as to the fairness of financial statement presentation. Included in such a test is verifying transaction amounts and tracing transactions to accounts in the financial statements.Here this test was confined to Accounts receivable, sales and inventory.(II) Test of Balances When EM compares the book balance of cash to the book balance, it is a test of balances. This is the step in which the Auditor seeks to obtain sufficient evidence to make a final judgment on the extent of losses or account misstatements that have occurred or might occur.Here, in this audit, the CPA's obtained evidence relating to the Accounts receivables with respect to the sales made during the year. They found out that 6 invoices made at the year end and confirmed those with the concerned customers.(III) Analytical review is an auditing process that tests relationships among accounts and identifies material changes. It involves analyzing significant ratios and trends for unusual changes and questionable items. Included in the analytical review process are: (1) reading important documents and analyzing their accounting and financial effects; (2) reviewing the activity in an account between interim and year-end, especially noting entries out of the ordinary; and (3) comparing current period account balances to prior periods as well as to budgeted amounts, noting reasonableness of account balances by evaluating logical relationships among them (i.e., relating payables to expenses, accounts receivable to sales).Only a part of Analytical review was made by EM for this company. They made certain adjustments relating to sales and Provision for doubtful debts.Identification of Audit Errors made by EM and Precautionary measures to be taken.Identify the specific audit errors made by EM and discuss what the auditorshould have done to avoid the errors.Inherent risk is the susceptibility of EM audit area to error which could be material, individually or in combination with other errors, as there were no related internal controls. Here we can see a possible error relating to Material. The material level was fixed at $35000 for 20x1 and $50000 for 20x2 which was not substantiated. There is no proper evidence to set these levels for the Material. As per the CPA standards the Material Level should beUnder single Rule5% of pre-tax income0.5% of total assets1% of equity0.5% of total revenuesOrUnder Variable rule2 to 5% of gross profit, if less than $20,0001 to 2% of gross profit, if between $20,000 and $1 million0.5 to 1% of gross profit, if between $1 and $100 million0.5% of gross profit, if more than $100 million.These rules have not been followed here.Comparison of audit in compliance with latest professional guidance.The scope of a forensic audit is to fix blame or answer a question. A forensic audit seeks proof, not reasonable assurance. Here the auditors have conducted a normal audit. When they found out the sales made in late December 20x1 and 20x2 to Balco limited, was given 90 to 120 days credit limit, they should have enquired into the reasons behind it and should have gathered enough evidence for evaluating the credibility of the customer. But they accepted the Mary Maxwell assurance for this customer. This evidence clearly shows that this audit was not conducted entirely in compliance with the professional guidance regarding the forensic-type phase of audit.
What are the procedures of auditing work in progress?
Procedures of auditing work in progress are listed/ cutoff analysis, observe the physical inventory count, reconcile the inventory count to the general ledger, test high-value items, test error-prone items, test inventory in transit, test item costs, review freight costs, test for lower of cost or market, finished goods cost analysis, direct labor analysis, overhead analysis, work-in-process testing, inventory allowances, inventory ownership, and inventory layers.
What are the differences between substantive procedures and substantive analytical procedures?
They are not both "analytical", but "substantive" and "analytical". Substantive procedures are reviews of documents for a "substantial portion" of account activity, while analytical procedures includ controls test and test relying on mathematical relationships reflectinb accounting mecvhanics, contractual provisions [debt times interest rate], or business capabilities [production per machine hour or day].
What is the purpose of the substantive test?
To test the validity of an account balance.
What is substantive test of transaction?
testing for completeness and existance.
What is compliance and substantive test in auditing?
In compliance testing you check the design, implementation and operations of controls and substantive testing you actually verify the accuracy of the transactions e.g. test samples
When to use substantive test and test of controls during audit of entity?
When there is material misstatement
What are the different physical fitness test and its procedures?
Procedures of physical fitness test
What is compliance and substantive tests in internal auditing?
In compliance testing you check the design, implementation and operations of controls and substantive testing you actually verify the accuracy of the transactions e.g. test samples
What are the differences between substantive test and test of controls?
In the auditing phase, the auditor first carries "test of controls" to verify if the organisation's financial statements are worth relying upon. If the auditor is not satisfied with this, he then carries "substantive test" which is a comprehensive analysis. For example, to test the accuracy of figure of "Sales" in income statement, the auditor will look at your Sales system, i.e. the internal controls. If they work fine, the auditor will be satisfied that this Sales figure cannot be wrong. But if the Sales system is not properly structured, for example, credit checks not performed, sales made without customer on the database, sales still made to bad debts, etc., these all are weaknesses in internal controls, so the auditor will now carry a substantive test in which he assess whether the given figure is accurate or not. For example, by using ratios, analytical procedures, inquiries, confirmation letters from receivables etc.
What is the relationship between audit risk and test of controls and substantive test?
Test of account balances to verify the correctness of the amounts. The three forms of substantive tests are: (1) tests of transactions (which are often conducted concurrently with compliance tests); (2) tests of balances; and (3) analytical review procedures.Tests of transactions and balances gather evidence of the validity of the accounting treatment of transactions and balances. They are designed to identify errors and irregularities. Statistical sampling may be used in determining the accuracy of financial statement numbers.Tests of transactions may be conducted continually throughout the audit year or at or close to the balance sheet date. When the CPA traces a sales invoice from the journal to the ledger for correctness, it is called a transaction test. When the CPA compares the book balance of cash to the book balance, it is a test of balances. This test is done near or at the year-end reporting date. Another substantive test is calculating interest expense on corporate debt and verifying the amount in the financial records. analyticalreviewprocedures involve examining the reasonableness of relationships in financial statement items and uncovering variations from trends. The procedures may be applied to overall financial information, financial data of segments, and individual elements. If relationships appear reasonable, evidence corroborating the account balance exists.hope you get ur answer :)M.Salman Pasha
If a company converts a short-term note payable into a long-term note payable what would this transaction do?
decrease the current ratio and decrease the acid-test ratio
What are the safety procedures that need to be taken in conducting a non-destructive test?
Necessary safety procedures depend on what test is being done. An answer is not possible until a particular test or group of tests is specified.
What are the procedures to test programs?
First you write out a test plan thatDefines the software to be testedThe environment the software is inThe requirements to be tested (what you're testing)Any supporting information for someone in the future to know how to set up the same testNext you create the test proceduresThe test procedures could be step by step instructions on what the user does and the results of the particular stepsThe test procedures could also be scripts that automatically test certain features of the programAny other information for someone in the future to perform the same testFinally, you run the test procedures and compile the resultsIt's following the test plan to create the testing environment and following the test procedures to actually test the software.The results of the test should be gathered into a report that details how well the tests performed.
