Answer 1
Palestine. Israel was initially a part of Palestine which was given to the Jews after the Second World War, by the people of Palestine out of generosity, because the Jews had nowhere to go. So initially, Israel was part of Palestine and hence it can be said that Palestine ruled over Israel.
Answer 2
There was never an independent country of Palestine, so Palestine cannot be said to have ruled over anything. Israel was declared the moment that the British occupation of Mandatory Palestine ended. The British ruled over the Mandate from 1919-1948. Prior to the British Mandate of Palestine, the Ottoman Empire ruled the entire area for nearly 400 years and governed it as three distinct districts: Wilayet Beirut (Governate of Beirut), Wilayet Dimashq (Governate of Damascus), and the Mutasaffirat Al-Quds (Mutasaffirat of Jerusalem). The word Palestine was not used in the Ottoman period.
In addition to the incorrect claim that Palestine ruled over Israel, Answer 1 is incorrect in asserting that the Palestinian People "decided to give the Jews" anything. The Palestinian Arabs were actually quite adamant about not giving the Jews any land or space as soon as it became clear in the late 1920s that the Jews intended and would soon realize their own state apparatus. They attacked the Jewish settlement in Hebron in 1929, scalping and beating many Jewish inhabitants. They organized militias to attack other Jewish settlements, they petitioned the British government to prevent Jewish Immigration (resulting in the White Papers of 1939 which banned Jewish immigration during the entire Holocaust when a place of refuge was most necessary), and consistently fought against Jewish Militias who were targeting the British colonizers instead of uniting to overthrow the British before trying to decide a resolution. The Palestinian Arabs did not support a two-state solution prior to 1967 and did not accede to the idea of a two-state solution until the Oslo Accords of 1993. Still to this day, the idea of a two-state solution (as a final solution) is relatively unpopular in Palestinian circles. The reason that Israel exists as a country is because of UN Resolution 181 and the Zionist Jews who used that resolution as the basis upon which to declare a country and defend it from military onslaught.
If we use control of Jerusalem as a benchmark for "controlling Israeli lands", we have the following list of occupants:
The Ottoman Empire ruled the territory until late 1917-1918, when British forces led by General Allenby conquered the country from south to north.
Israel controls Trans-Jordan.
Israel.
Israel invaded the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip from December 2008 to January 2009.
The Ottoman Empire controlled Palestine and Israel in the 16th century.
The Biblical land of Canaan, also called Israel was controlled by the Romans in the time of Jesus. They called it the province of Judea.
Only one country controlled the area of the Mandate for Palestine prior to Israeli Independence: the British Empire.
Israel controlled most of the Israeli conflict.
-- Lebanon -- Syria -- Jordan -- Egypt (Of course, this answer ignores that Israel borders the partially-recognized country of Palestine and the unrecognized country of Hamas-Controlled Gaza.)
well they say ottoman and declaration of independence.
No. Israel is a secular country with a Jewish majority.
Palestein
Ottoman Empire till 1918 and Britain after that.