What did Roosevelt do during his presidency?

Answer 1

He ordered the imprisonment of the Japaneese,Italian and German Americans. That order was called Executive Order 9066,and was issued onFebruary 19,1942, by Franklin D. Roosevelt. The main objective was to prevent civil uprising and harassment of ths nationalities associated with the Axis powers. Many were not American citizens

Answer 2

This question could be answered differently depending on which Roosevelt you are referring to. Below is a brief summary of what occurred during both Theodore and FRD's presidency.

Theodore Roosevelt

Term: September 14, 1901 - March 4, 1909

Political Party: Republican (1897-1912), Progressive Party (1912-1916)

Vice-President: None (1901-1905), Charles W. Fairbanks (1905-1909)

Major Domestic Policy: Roosevelt's presidency mostly consisted of his ideas of the Square Deal on supporting middle class and Progressive ideas, regulating Business Monopolies, and enforcing the Anti-Trust act and hopes of protecting the common people. Also towards farmers, consumers, workers, and business owners have equal treatment and opportunity to succeed. During his Presidency, Roosevelt promoted anti-trust suits and even started actions against 44 big businesses. He stated that "bad" trust had to be taken care of, while "good" trust should be encouraged. With the Coal Strike 1902, he had a chance to display his attitude towards monopolies. When the owners of the monopolies refused to follow the demands of the strikers, Roosevelt threatened to take the mines. The monopolies then decided on giving the miners benefits such as a 10 percent raise. Roosevelt then looked towards the betterment of forest. With the Forest Reserve Act of 1891 Presidents now had the power to save land for National Parks and by more than 150 million acres. Also during Roosevelt's presidency was the rise of the muckrakers with famous leaders such as Lincoln Stephens, Ida Tarbell and Frank Norris. Muckrakers were now able to publish their stories in the public newspaper and to the press such as McClure's History of the Standard Oil Company and Collier Series of Articles on Patent Medicines. With the writing of "The Jungle" by Upton Sinclair, the government finally realized the unclean conditions that food was kept. Hence, the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed creating regiments on the cleanliness of food and the conditions of its locations. Roosevelt attacked trust and the Hepburn Act in 1906 was created to regulate railroads.

Major Foreign Policy: Roosevelt's presidency consisted mostly of the pressing need for the canal across Central America. America realized this during the Spanish American War when the U.S.S. Oregon sailed from the American Coast in the West to Cuba, but by the time the ship reached Cuba, the war was finished. The canal was then opened in 1921 although it was completed before that time. Roosevelt also expanded the Monroe Doctrine in order to make new agreements with European Nations. Roosevelt's Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine stated that if America and its protectorates receive problems and complications with other Nations, then America can handle its own issues and will not need the aid from foreign Countries. Roosevelt's Corollary came into use during the Dominican Republican financial crisis, when the Dominican Republic was struck by economic instability and turmoil. European nations were more in demand financially over the Dominican Republic; America got involved and dismantled the tariffs. This then resulted happily and all debt was paid of in two years. At the time that Roosevelt discovered Russia and Japan wanted peace, he then organized a meeting in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and required Russia and Japan to compromise. This resulted with Roosevelt receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906.

Court Case:

• Northern Securities Co. v. United States (1904)-Ruled that stockholders of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific railroad companies were unauthorized.

• Lochner v. New York (1905)-Held that bakers working hours were not allowed to be regulated under the 14th Amendment.

• Swift & Co. v. United States (1905)-Held that under the Commerce Clause, the government is eligible to regulate monopolies only if it has an effect on commerce.

• Adair v. United States (1907)-Declared the Erdman Act unconstitutional because it violated the 5th amendment under the due process clause of the right to freedom of contract and property rights.

• Muller v. Oregon (1908)-The limited working hours for women was held as constitutional under the 14th Amendment because it was for protecting women's health and rights.

Intellectual and Social Developments:

• The Great industrial merger movement occurred during the 1900's as immigrants were seen occupying a majority of factory work causing an increase of deskilling and factory lines.

• The Industrial Workers of the World developed in 1905.

• Women began voicing their opinions as they sought towards social reform and the struggle for civil rights was now revitalized.

• Muckraking journalism occurred as Muckrakers began bring issues to the public.

• Vaudeville's were formed as more movies sought towards taking a more comic approach.

• Progressivism in national politics occurred.

• The United States gained the land to create the Canal in 1903.

Roosevelt's Legacy: Roosevelt will always be known as the "trust buster" because of the fact that he was well respected in office and used his power efficiently after the assassination of McKinley. He was known as the first modern president due to his influence he has created on receiving presidency. Roosevelt helped towards gaining more power to the executive branch as he slowly eased it away from the Congress helping government. While in office, Roosevelt believed that government should be reformable towards all people. He will also be remembered for his charisma that he brought to office and how he understood the public and the media to catch the public's attention. His election was the first presidency that was based on the individual other then the political party.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Term: March 4, 1933 - April 12, 1945

Political Party: Democratic

Vice-President: John N. Garner (1933-1941), Henry A. Wallace (1941-1945), Harry S. Truman (1945)

Major Domestic Policy: Roosevelt's main issue during his term was coping with the Great Depression. In fact, he won presidency due to his "stop the depression" campaign and his ideas about a "new deal". His ideas of relief, recovery, and reform were then put into play through the New Deal that helped end the Great Depression. Roosevelt was strongly for the prevention of starving people, which he promised the government would do all it could to prevent. In hopes of ending the depression, the Democratic platform pledged for the repeal of the prohibition, a descending modification of the tariff, help for the farmers, and in order to prevent scams in the stocks, they wanted stock exchange reforms. After a few days in office, Roosevelt created the Emergency Banking Relief Act, which allowed for all banks to have a brief shut down accommodating the Federal Reserve System. All of the banks would be vividly checked, and then reopened them once they are able to pay their own debts and survive. Then Congress passed the Federal Securities Act in 1933, which improved the security exchange by all stocks and bonds that were being put up for sale had to also have a truthful information about the company it's being sold from. Then the Federal Trade Commission was then taken over by the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1934. In 1933, America entirely gave up the gold standard and all contracts that stated they needed to be paid in gold were void. Then the Glass-Stegall Act was passed and the Banking Act of 1935 which gave more power to the Federal Reserve Board allowing them to create the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The job of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation was formed to assure all of bank deposits. Roosevelt also sought towards relief in unemployment, farming problems, and indebt businesses. To help aid the unemployment, the program known as the Works Progress Administration was formed in 1935 and was then further divided into the National Youth Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps and the Public Works Administration. The Public Works administration recruited any people willing to aid and helped communities by building schools, painting pictures and created music. In order to make an influx of money into the economy, the Civilian Conservation Corps was established and helped lower the rate of unemployment. All over the CCC camps were created in order to give more youth jobs and also help the outdoors in national parks. The employees were paid $30 a month and allowed for the parents to have $22 sent home, and at the same time it also promoted business. Three years after the creation of the establishment of the Civilian Conservation Corps, the National Youth Administration was formed in order to help those around the ages of 16 to 25 who were in hopes of continuing their education. The National Youth Administration created more job opportunities for this certain age group such as typists and secretaries. In order to help the farmers, the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 paid farmers to cultivate their land. The money for this act came from the tax that was put upon agricultural business transactions. The AAA was then declared unconstitutional because of the fact that they were taxing. Roosevelt also worked towards helping businesses by establishing the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933. This act enforced fair trade codes, but was then declared as unconstitutional because of the fact that it tried to control interstate commerce. Roosevelt was very perturbed when the Supreme Court had declared the NIRA and the AAA unconstitutional and then referred to the judges as the Nine Old Men. Resulting from this, Roosevelt wanted to enlarge the amount of justices to 15 in hopes of appointing more liberal candidates. The Supreme Court declared this action as unconstitutional and since they realized the reasoning to his idea. In the next four years, seven judges resigned allowing Roosevelt to be able to appoint new justices, hence he won his battle. The Wagner-Connery Act was signed on July 5, 1935 that encouraged the established of minimum wage and a maximum amount of working hours. This act also created the National Labor Relations Board that had the power to inspect in humane labor treatment and actions. The NLRB also had the power to create elections for workers to decide whether or not they wanted to be represented by a union. Roosevelt's programs did help end the Great Depression, but the real help was the war in 1941 when business reorganized for World War II.

Major Foreign Policy: The Great Depression was occurring all across the world. Adolph Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany after a few months that Roosevelt had been elected. He aimed towards a more radical approach. At the same time the Japanese were in need for new resources and sought to attack Manchuria and other areas of China. The United States still kept the ideas of neutrality even when Hitler came to power. The United States government wanted to stay out of World War II and went to the extent of passing Neutrality Acts every year from 1935 to 1937, which restricted the amount of trade with the nations involved with the war. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin America was enacted in 1933. Then the Japanese became more and more violent. Then the U.S. gunship Panay was attacked, but the United States did nothing about the issue. The United States only acted by building up the navy once Japan rejected the Five Power Act of the Washington Conference. The United States broke it's idea of neutrality when the Neutrality Act of 1939 or otherwise known as Cash and Carry Act was passed and lifted all embargoes, which allowed all British and French ships to fill the American ports. Britain had then used up all of its cash in 1941, hence the Lend-Lease Act was passed, which allowed Roosevelt to "sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of" goods such as weapons like warships and destroyers to nations that would help the security of the United States. Before the brink of the United States entering World War II, the United States signed the Atlantic Charter with Winston Churchill, which stated the war intentions and created the make up for the United Nations organization. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and the United States then entered World War II with the Axis Powers. The United States began island hopping in the Pacific in order to slowly reach Japan. Under the leaderships of General Eisenhower in Africa, troops dominated the Germans. Once the long battle in Europe was done, Germany was then entirely defeated. The War had lasted four years and resulted with 322,000 Americans being killed, 676,000 were wounded, and 124,000 were captured. The aim for peace had begun during the War at the time of 1943 when the Moscow Conference was held due to the Russians and the Allies winning. This conference brought upon the issue of the need for a peace association. At the end of the Conference, the idea of a peace association was adopted with an 85 to 5 vote. Conferences, such as the Teheran Conference of 1943, Dumbarton Oaks of 1944 and the San Francisco Conference of 1945 were then established in order to generate a peaceful association. The agreement for the United Nations was then signed in San Francisco by up to 50 nations.

Major Supreme Court Decisions:

• U.S. v. Butler (1935)-Declared the AAA unconstitutional because of it over use of power.

• Schechter v. U.S. (1936)-Held that the National Industrial Recovery Act was unconstitutional due to the fact that it gave legislative power to the executive branch.

• Korematsu v. United States (1944)-Held that the Executive Order 9066 was unconstitutional and freed the Japanese-Americans that were placed in camps.

• Ex parte Endo (1944)-The Court held that the confining of Japanese-American's was unconstitutional.

Intellectual and Social Developments:

• The New Deal was formed in order to regain a stable economy created government intervention in the economy and social welfare came about.

• The Arts came more abundant as culture rose and people looked toward consumer goods for self-fulfillment.

• In the 1940's the United States government began to organize itself for war by enhancing production of goods.

• The United States entered World War II in 1941.

• Rural whites and blacks began to move into the cities in order to obtain war jobs.

• The film industry aimed towards aiding the war effort to bring up morale and get citizens of the United States more patriotism.

• The Allies defeated the Axis powers as a result of the bombing of Hiroshima in 1945.

• The war mobilization ended the Great Depression due to the mass production of goods.

• The Civil Rights Movement was revived as blacks wanted equal treatment as whites.

Roosevelt's Legacy: Roosevelt will always be remembered as the President who served the longest term from 1933 to 1945, and has done much to help the United States especially during the time of the Great Depression with his ideas on the New Deal. Roosevelt promised a "new deal" during his campaign, which is the major reason why he won presidency. What people will remember him for his keeping his promise, and delivering his promise to work hard and create the New Deal. Roosevelt was able to bring the economy of the country back up, and save the United States from disaster. Roosevelt was also a President who was very fond of getting close to the public through the use of the television and the radio. Overall, Roosevelt will be remembered for his hard work and getting the country out of the economic downfall, and the way he assumed his responsibilities in office.

Answer 3

He ordered all banks to close for 4 days