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There was an expansion of the large landed estates at the expense of the small farms of peasants, many of whom became dispossessed.

In antiquity slaves were war captives. With the wars which led to the expansion of the Republic there were many captives who were sent to Rome to be sold as slaves. In the Late Republic and in the 1st century AD, Italy was flooded with slaves. Most were bought by the owners of the large estates to work in their fields. This abundant supply of slave labour enabled them to expand their estates. This was often done at the expense of distressed peasants.

After the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) there was an increase in the number of dispossessed peasants. Many farms were ravaged during Hannibal's invasion of Italy or were neglected due to prolonged military service. The owners of the large estates took advantage of this to buy land on the cheap. This trend continued because the plots of land allocated to peasants was usually too small to sustain a family or because of indebtedness. Many dispossessed peasants flocked to Rome to eke out a living and swelled the masses of the underemployed or unemployed poor in the city.
There was an expansion of the large landed estates at the expense of the small farms of peasants, many of whom became dispossessed.

In antiquity slaves were war captives. With the wars which led to the expansion of the Republic there were many captives who were sent to Rome to be sold as slaves. In the Late Republic and in the 1st century AD, Italy was flooded with slaves. Most were bought by the owners of the large estates to work in their fields. This abundant supply of slave labour enabled them to expand their estates. This was often done at the expense of distressed peasants.

After the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) there was an increase in the number of dispossessed peasants. Many farms were ravaged during Hannibal's invasion of Italy or were neglected due to prolonged military service. The owners of the large estates took advantage of this to buy land on the cheap. This trend continued because the plots of land allocated to peasants was usually too small to sustain a family or because of indebtedness. Many dispossessed peasants flocked to Rome to eke out a living and swelled the masses of the underemployed or unemployed poor in the city.

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The Roman Republic originated in the year 509 BC, when the last Etruscan king is deposed and the Senate takes over the functions of government.

After the monarchical experience, the Romans choose not to leave power in the hands of one individual. Therefore, they eliminated the figure of the king and all positions should be held by two or more people.

Thus, there was not the figure of one ruler, but two, called consuls. These had a one-year term and were to control each other.

During this time, Rome organized its institutions and made important military conquests that ensured it dominated the Mediterranean Sea.

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Q: What happened to the roman farms as the republic grew?
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How did the Republic come to have an empire?

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