The Douglas Skyraider and Vietnam version called the Spad are the most powerful piston driven propeller aircraft with highest load carrying capacity but not the largest. The Grumman AF-2S Guardian Torpedo Bomber of the Korean War era had slightly less horsepower with the Pratt Whitney R2800 engine, but it was a larger airplane and for purely piston powered reciprocating aircraft is the largest known single engine aircraft
An opposed piston engine is a single-acting engine. All modern gasoline and diesel engines are single-acting. The single-acting engine receives force on one side of the piston, and relies on the engine to push the piston back the other way. On an opposed engine like a Continental or Lycoming, the piston on the other side of the engine will do the pushing. A double-acting engine, which almost always means a steam engine, receives force on both sides of the piston. Since they run horizontally, when the piston is to the right the engine will send steam to push it to the left and when it's to the left the engine will send steam to push it to the right. A slide valve decides which side of the piston the steam will go to.
The piston rings may be worn out .
The one that never starts its engine.
Typically, operating an airplane is called "flying" and it requires a private pilot license (at minimum) from the FAA. - - - - - It depends on the kind of airplane it is, and what you plan to do with it. The licenses and certificates you need to fly a Piper Cherokee (single-engine piston airplane that isn't pressurized) are far different from what you need to fly a 747.
To keep a complex story easy: The engine consists of multiple stages eventually leading to a mixture of fuel and air being led to a combustion chamber (the piston, hence the name piston engine). In this chamber the mixture is ignited by a spark plug and drives a crankshaft. The airplane's propeller is mounted directly onto the crankshaft, so they turn at the same RPM (Revolutions Per Minute). The propeller blades are twisted to move air from the front to the rear, pulling the airplane forward.
A twin engine airplane is an airplane which has two engines for the purposes of redundancy and/or performance. Twin engine aircraft are considerably more complex to fly than single engine aircraft, and so the FAA requires a special multi-engine endorsement in order to operate them.
A plane with floats is a "floatplane" or a "seaplane." A plane with skis is a "skiplane." Check it out: you need a special license to fly a seaplane! If you have a single-engine Piper and land it at airports, the minimum license is ASEL--airplane, single engine, land. You could also fly it with an AMEL--airplane, multiengine, land. But to fly a seaplane you need an ASES or AMES--airplane, single engine, sea or airplane, multiengine, sea.
Cessna is an aircraft manufacturer based in Kansas. They make business jets, single-engine turboprops and high-wing piston single-engine airplanes, and they used to make twin-engine piston aircraft. Clyde Cessna preferred to design his aircraft with a high wing above the cockpit. Cessna aircraft usually have this feature.
Cessna claims that the fastest single engine piston general aviation aircraft currently in production is the Cessna Corvalis, also known as the Cessna 400. It has a listed maximum cruise speed of 235 knots, which is 270 mph. (Cessna website.)
According to Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), the international organization that sanctions aircraft records, the Grumman F8F Bearcat holds the world single engine piston record at 850.24 km/h (528.88 mph). The record was set on August 21st, 1989. The question as posed does not make a distinction between those aircraft in current production and those no longer in production. The claim for fastest production aircraft is currently held by Mooney's Acclaim Type S at 242kts.
If you are talking about Orville and Wilber Wright's flight at Kitty Hawk, then the answer is "Yes." The airplane was named "The Flyer." It had a single engine powering two propellers.
Rudder and ailerons, just like you turn a single.