Lard is the rendered fat of hogs. Shortening is any fat product typically a mixture of different fats.
Shortening is the same as lard, so the ratio is 1:1.
shortening adds lipids or fats to tenderize the flour.
No. Lard is animal fat and shortening is vegetable oil that has been hydrogenated.
usually, yes. In fact, lard really makes some pastries taste so much better. However, lard is animal fat and therefore, not healthy. If you use it rarely, then enjoy the better taste, but if you cook with it routinely, switch to shortening.
Yes, you can substitute shortening for lard in most recipes, as both are fats used for similar purposes in baking and cooking. However, the flavor and texture might differ slightly, since lard has a distinct taste and can produce a flakier texture in pastries. When substituting, use the same amount of shortening as lard, but consider that shortening is 100% fat, while lard may contain some water content. Adjust the recipe accordingly if necessary.
vegetable shortening (CRISCO)
Butter It can be lard from a pig, which can be used as butter.
Lard, shortening, butter
fat, grease, shortening, suet
Shortening is the lesser of two evils as an ingredient in cookies. It is an acceptable, but not desirable, substitute. Taste and texture are sub-optimum. Lard tends to give cookies an unusual texture, too flaky. Even cutting lard with shortening will not help greatly. However, butter is by far the ideal ingredient to supply the fat in cookies.
Shortening didn't come about until the 20th century, lard was used in place of shortening because it was what was on hand. When making things like biscuits and cornbreads country cooks often used bacon drippings (grease saved from cooking bacon).
You could probably substitute a solid white shortening such as Crisco for lard, although I would be concerned about unhealthy aspects of partially hydrogenated oil.