What made the Greek city-states vulnerable to Macedonian conquest?

Answer 1

Greek cities were too busy fighting with each other that the Macedonians decided ot conquer. Greek cities were too busy fighting with each other that the Macedonians decided ot conquer. Greek cities were too busy fighting with each other that the Macedonians decided ot conquer.

Answer 2

By a mix of diplomacy, alliances and military strength. The city-states were not unified and often at war with each other so it was relatively easy to use the traditional rivalries to divide and conquer.

The effectiveness of the Macedonian military system, and their combination of cavalry and light infantry with the superior phalanx and pikes were a military factor.

Answer 3

The Greeks never actually fell to the Macedonians. The kingdom of Macedon became the largest and dominant state in mainland Greece. However, it never took over Greece. Neither Phillip II, the founder of Macedonian power, nor his son, Alexander the great, wanted to take over Greece. They defeated Greek city-states to establish their dominance. However, they wanted them to remain independent. They wanted to forge alliances with them so that they would support Macedon's conquest of the Persian Empire. Later in history, when some kings of Macedon wanted to expand into Greece, they were prevented from doing so by the Romans.

The basis of the rise of Macedonian power, their dominance in mainland Greece and their conquest of the Persian Empire, was a military revolution. Phillip II developed the famous Macedonian Phalanx which was the military formation which was dominant in battle in the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East for some 200 years, until it was supplanted by the Roman legions..

The phalanx was a traditional Greek tight rectangular formation, eight men deep. In the Macedonian phalanx, the main weapon of the first five rows phalangites (the infantrymen in the phalanx) was the sarissa, a double-pointed pike over 6 m (18 ft.) long. With the sarissa pointed forward the enemy was easily kept at a distance, thus protecting the front of the phalanx. Since the sarissa were of little use in at close range, the men also had a kopis, a short sword. The phalangites were also the first non-mercenary professional soldiers, which made them more efficient than other soldiers. Besides having a leader at the front, there was also a lower ranking leader in the middle who could order the back rows to move to the sides and forward when more frontage was needed. The formation also used a minimal baggage train. This made it a faster when marching. When marching, the sarissas were carried in two pieces which could be slid together before battle.

Phillip and Alexander used the cavalry as their main force, while the phalanx was used to hold the enemy in place. The cavalry was placed on the right of the phalanx, arrayed in wedge formation. It was used to break the enemy lines. This attack was followed up by one by the hypaspists, the elite cavalry (who were also the royal bodyguard). The final attack was by the phalanx. Later, toward the end, the combined use of the cavalry and Macedonian phalanx fell out of use and the latter became the main attacking force. This created drawbacks. Although the Macedonian phalanx was invincible at the front, it was vulnerable to attacks at the flanks, which tended to break the formation when it was advancing fast on rough terrain. The Roman legions exploited this weakness to gain the upper hand over the Macedonian phalanx.

Answer 4

Their incessant fighting amongst each other weakened them to make them an easy target to Macedonian conquest.

Answer 5

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