The organisms are stained with fluorochromes, and when exposed to ultraviolet, violet, or blue light they become a bright image resulting from the fluorescent light emitted by them. This exposes the capsule.
Capsules may be revealed by methods such as Maneval's method. This method utilizes negative staining, where the background is stained revealing an unstained structure: the bacterial capsule.
all chemicals and staining techniques shwoed that Clostridium have structure like capsule but not real capsule
Bacterial capsules are composed of high-molecular-weight polysaccharides and/or polypeptides, and are associated with virulence and biofilm formation. Unfortunately, capsules do not stain well with crystal violet, methylene blue, or other simple stains. This unit describes two methods of capsule staining. The first is a wet-mount method using India ink; the capsule is visualized as a refractile zone surrounding a cell. The second is a direct-staining dry-mount method that precipitates copper sulfate and leaves the capsule as a pale blue zone. Both methods are easily performed within approximately 5 min.
The slime capsule protects the Bacterium from desiccation ( drying out )
capsule
Capsules may be revealed by methods such as Maneval's method. This method utilizes negative staining, where the background is stained revealing an unstained structure: the bacterial capsule.
Capsular staining is a laboratory technique used to visualize the presence of a capsule—a protective layer of polysaccharides surrounding certain bacteria. By staining the bacterial cells and the capsule separately, the capsule can be highlighted under a microscope. Capsular staining helps in the identification of encapsulated bacteria, which is important for diagnosing certain infections.
Capsule Stain
all chemicals and staining techniques shwoed that Clostridium have structure like capsule but not real capsule
capsule does not gets stained it appears to be colourless when stained using manewals staining procedure
Bacterial capsules are composed of high-molecular-weight polysaccharides and/or polypeptides, and are associated with virulence and biofilm formation. Unfortunately, capsules do not stain well with crystal violet, methylene blue, or other simple stains. This unit describes two methods of capsule staining. The first is a wet-mount method using India ink; the capsule is visualized as a refractile zone surrounding a cell. The second is a direct-staining dry-mount method that precipitates copper sulfate and leaves the capsule as a pale blue zone. Both methods are easily performed within approximately 5 min.
The slime capsule protects the Bacterium from desiccation ( drying out )
From what i read in my book: Because the capsule is nonionic, unlike the bacterial cell, the primary stain adheres to the capsule without binding to it. Since the capsule is water- soulube, copper sulfate, rather than water, is used to wash the purple primary stain out of the capsular material without removing the stain that is bound to the cell wall.
capsule
it depends on the bacterial capsule, some grows on glucose, some grow on carbondioxide and low iron(LIM culture).
Capsular material is very moist (slimy) and any heating will cause it to shrink - it is for this reason that we will not heat fix the slide before staining. Also, heating may cause the bacterial cell to shrink resulting in a clear zone around the cell - which may cause cells which don't have capsules to appear as if they do.
The negative staining techniques uses a dye solution in which the chromogen is acidic and carries a negative charge. (An acidic chromogen gives up a hydrogen ion, which leaves it with a negative charge.) The negative charge on the bacterial surface repels the negatively charged chromogen, so the the cell remains unstained against a colored background.