How did the breakup of the Ottoman Empire after World War 1 affect the Middle East?

Answer 1

World War I fundamentally changed the Middle East. The Ottoman Empire, which controlled most of the Middle East was replaced by the newly independent Saudi Kingdom and the British and French Mandates. As a direct result of the falling of the Ottoman Empire and increased British and Russian involvement in Iranian affairs, the Qajjar Dynasty was overthrown by the Westward-leaning Pahlavi Dynasty. The Ottoman Empire was dissolved in the post-war environment as leading military officers (Jön Türkler) in the Ottoman Empire declared the independence of the new Republic of Turkey.

The British creation of the Mandates of Palestine, Transjordan, and Iraq and the French mandates of Syria and Lebanon directly led to the current boundaries in the Middle East. Additionally, as the League of Nations Mandate specified that Palestine was to be a Jewish National Home, this planted some of the seeds of the Arab-Israeli Conflict that would manifest in the following decades. Additionally, the failure to create any Kurdish Mandate in northern Iraq or to enforce the Treaty of Sevres in 1919 to allow for a Kurdish State prevented the Kurds from realizing independence to this day.

Answer 2

The Middle East, which had been under the control of the Ottomans for a long time, became separated. Most nations were colonized by the British (ex: Palestine) and French (ex: Lebanon), and only a few countries gained independence (ex: Yemen, Turkey). Many Arabs had fought against the Turks during WWI due to Arab nationalism and hope that they would gain independence.

Due to the colonization of the Middle East by the British and French, lots of anti-European sentiments rose in the Middle East (prime example of an event that caused anti-European sentiment among Arabs was the Balfour Declaration)

Answer 3

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