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The geographical and economic backbone of the Roman Empire was Italy. It was the first area the Rome expanded into, and the Italic peoples were the first ones to be given Roman citizenship. They were also the first peoples who became military allies, supplying auxiliary troops to the Roman army. They remained a major supplier of such soldiers.

Italy was also the epicentre of trade in the empire. Trade to supply Rome with olive oil, wine, 300,000 tons of grain a year, pottery, papyrus, and other goods was massive, but there was also significant trade to supply other areas of Italy, such as wealthy cities in Campania (the area around Naples) and other big cities in Italy. Italy was also the most urbanised part of the empire.

Put in another way, there were yes certainly more than one backbone to the Roman empire. The strength and discipline of the Roman legions provided the ability to expand into new territories and to protect the areas they had conquered. Most historians will say that the strategy and tactics of the legions over centuries of time was superior to any military system that had existed prior to Rome.

Another feature of the Roman empire that can be described as a backbone was the intelligent ways that Rome administered the areas of conquest. Communications between Rome and the far reaches of its frontiers was excellent for its day and allowing many areas of conquest to have their own leaders rule in the name of Rome worked well.

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Q: What was the backbone of the Roman Empire?
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