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Either climate change, or competition from Cro-Magnon man (modern humans), or a combination of both.

Scientists propose that the Neanderthals were stocky and likely to be forest dwellers, getting food and shelter from the dense forests of Europe. As the climate changed and forests receded the taller, leaner modern humans were better able to cope. The last Neanderthals probably lived around southern Spain.

There is genetic evidence that modern humans and Neanderthals interbred. This means that all humans apart from those of recent African ancestry have some Neanderthal genes. Africans do not as their ancestors did not leave Africa.

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Q: What was the most likely cause of the extinction of Neanderthals?
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