What were the contributions of Muslim scholars of the Abbasid period?

Answer 1

Learning, including science and mathematics, flourished in early Islamic countries. I understand the underlying principle was that such advancement in the service of society, as intended, was therefore serving Allah.

Ironically, the contemporary Western European Christian countries languished in the ignorance and superstition of the Mediaeval era, which ignored or suppressed learning and questioning of dogma.

Answer 2

Hardly any.

The question is incomplete as there was not only a single Renaissance.

Muslims today like to think that there was an Islamic Golden Age where Muslim scientists made these huge discoveries which ultimately triggered THE Renaissance.

Sadly, this is mere Propaganda.

Roughly 1000 years ago people from the Middle East from different nations and with different beliefs - or no beliefs - came together and consolidated, furthered and advanced existing scientific knowledge.

It is really easy to verify or falsify claims with just basic researching skills.

Also, there is no such thing as "Islamic Science" just as there is no "Democratic Science" or "Taoist Science". What is outright hilarious is that many times names which sound Arabic are thrown into the pot without realiseing that someone like Al Razi was an outspoken critic of Islam and mocked the Koran - and yet is on the list of Muslim Scientists.

Nevertheless, there are entire books and even exhibitions on 1001 Islamic inventions which are mere fabrications. Quite embarrassing really.

The most often used example is the "invention" or "discovery" of algebra and the usage of Arabic numerals.

As a quick search using any search engine entering anything like "history ancient algebra" will reveal, algebra was known to the Babylonians, Indians and Egyptians. Algebra is not something which actually can be "invented" or "discovered" but is an ongoing process which will never end.

The numerals we use are a development of Indian/Arabic/medieval numbers which evolved over time. We just use the name Arabic numerals. And just as the name algebra is of Arabic origins (restoration or tidying up), the contents is not entirely Arabic, even though some major contributions were made roughly 1000 years ago.

Answer 3

All praise be to Almighty Allah, the Most Merciful, Most Gracious.

The first verses revealed to the last Prophet Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa (SAW) meant: "Read, in the name of your Provider (Allah Rabb-ul-Izat) Who created ...."

The holy Qur'an is replete with many verses which show the importance of Education. Many sayings of the last Prophet Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa (SAW) also urge upon the Muslims to seek knowledge and spread knowledge.

Keeping in view the importance of knowledge, the Muslims acquired knowledge and spread it wherever they went.

The Abbasid Caliphate at Baghdad and the Ummayad Caliphate in Spain were the glaring examples of scholarship and learning. According to Famous Historian Philip Hitti, in the Muslim Spain almost every Muslim could read and write while in Europe only rudiments of knowledge were known only by the clergy. The streets of Cordova were illuminated and paved when the streets of Paris were full of mud during rain.

The Muslim Scholars like Ibn-i-Hayan, Khawarzmi, Ibn Haisam, Alberoni, Farabi and many others contributed a lot in the field of Maths, Chemistry, Medicine, Geography, and other branches of knowledge.

Answer 4

They have many contributions. Pulmonary heart blood circulation system, for example, was first discovered by Ibn Al-Nafis the Muslim physician.

Answer 5

The study of algebra and trigonometry. Baldor is one of the main representatives of Muslim scholars.