Fouled, damaged injectors or incorrect timing on fuel injector pump
BAD INJECTORS ON NEWER MODELS ????
A 95 Mazda Protege will shut off during acceleration if the air and fuel mixture is drastically incorrect. A vacuum leak or fuel flow restrictions can both cause this problem.
Dirty fuel injectors or spark plugs
Black smoke, from any diesel, is the result of partially burned fuel. Overfueling will cause black smoke.
White smoke is water vapor (or coolant) in the exhaust, the black smoke is the (normal) over-rich condition at WOT (full acceleration) White smoke can also be unburned fuel, generally seen on earlier, non-electronic engines that are mistimed.
Normally it points to fuel not being entirely burnt in the cylinder, or too much fuel being delivered. Cause could be malfunctioning injectors, or some restriction in the air inlet, like a clogged air filter.
Under heavy acceleration all diesels produce black smoke. It's a product of waste fuel being exited via the exhaust pipe and is a sign of inefficiency. Older diesels also produce black smoke under "normal" conditions and this also a cause of unspent fuel, but mainly because of age.
In a diesel engine, blue smoke is an indication of oil being burned. Black smoke means that there is incomplete combustion of the fuel. White smoke can be seen when raw diesel fuel is not being burned.
My 89 B2200 does this. Its like there is a dead spot in the acceleration. It is because the accelerator pump is leaking.
Low sulphur diesel is more than likely to blame, older pumps espically rotary pumps are prone to the new diesel with low sulphur levels, will need to be removed and rekitted, the sulphur is a lubricant in diesel, best to use some ATF bout 200ml with every tank once pump is overhauled
Yes timing can delay your acceleration
It is the high temp and the high return Pressure inside the injector that causes the fuel To turn black