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he is Ali Ibn Abi Talib (S.A.)
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What issues divided Sunni Muslims and Shiite Muslims?
The Sunni's believe after Muhammad's death, he left his followers with his book Quran and the culture. They also had 3 ''khalifahs'' after Muhammad's death. The Shiites believe after Muhammad's death, he left his followers with his book Quran and another follower that gave guidance, Imam Ali.That was later on that the shiites formed the doctrine of Imamat. Hazrat Ali (RAU) expressed his pact of obedience (BA"AT) to the three Rightful Caliphs and acted as an active counsel/advisor to them. He was the Fourth Rightful Caliph. He never claimed that the first three were not Rightful Caliphs. He was not a coward to keep this in his heart and serve the first three rightful Caliphs.
Did the Shiites and Sunnis accepted Abu Bakr?
Only Sunnis agreed on Abu Bakr as first Caliph after prophet Muhammad death. The Shiites believed that the Caliph should from the prophet family and accordingly they supported Ali to be the first caliph and not Abu Bakr. However, the Shiites accepted the majority selection of Abu Bakr and supported him and Ali (God pleased with him) was a closeadviser to Abu Bakr. See for more information the related question below
Did Imam Ali depend on the tradition of Ghadir to prove his Caliphate?
No. He never mentioned any such event when Hazrat Abu Bakr (RAU) became the First Rightful Caliph. He also didn't metion tradition of GHadir when Hazrat Umar (RAU) became the 2nd Rightful Caliph. Nor did any of the Companions of the Holy Prophet (SAW) mentioned it. Even when Hazrat Al (RAU) became the rightful Caliph, he didn't depend on it. It was concocted much later.
Were the Abbasids the first true Islamic empire?
The First true Islamic Empire was established by the Second Rightful Caliph Hazrat Umar RAU. It was followed by Ummayyad Family and then Abbasids.
Who did shiite Muslims want Mohammad to be replaced by?
Hazrat Ali (RAU). But the Shiaism sprang up much later. Hazrat Ali (RAU) remained faithful to the first three Rightful Caliphs. He was an active member of the advisory council (Shoora) of the Muslims during the reign of first three Rightful Caliphs. He was the fourth Rightful Caliph.
What was the Islamic empire following Muhammad's death?
The Muslims, the Companions of Prophet Hazrat Muhammad SAW , elected Hazrat Abu Bakr RAU their Ruler, the First Rightful Caliph. He was succeeded by Hazrat Omar RAU who founded the Muslim Empire.
Who was the leader of Islam after abu bakr death?
The Muslims leader (Caliph) after Abu Bakr was Omar Ibn Alkhattab (as the second Caliph).
In Islam who was the first Caliph?
The first Caliph was Abu Bakr Assidik.
What are some reasons why the Sunnis and Shiites don't get along?
Since both Sunnis and Shiites are Muslim, most of their doctrine is identical; the two sects diverge on the question of how the successor of the prophet (after his death) should be chosen. In most cases, Sunni and Shiites get along, just as most of the world's people get along, regardless of religious differences. A parallel to Christianity might be the differences between Catholics and Anglicans: a single doctrinal difference centuries ago has created two distinct groups who agree on most things. Much of the conflict between Shiites and Sunni can be explained by other means, such as the rivalry between Southeast Asian powers who happen to be of different sects, for example the Arab Gulf states (who happen to be largely run by Sunnis) have a longstanding rivalry with Persian Iran (which happens to be largely run by Shia) over resources and influence. As far as the original divide goes, Sunnis supported the election of a Caliph to succeed the Prophet, while Shia believe that Mohammad named a successor, who should have become the rightful Caliph: Muslims elected Abou Bakr to be the first Caliph after prophet Muhammad (PBUH) death. However, some Muslims believed that the successor should be from the family of the prophet and hence should Ali Ibn Abou Taleb (the prophet cousin and husband of his daughter). However, after the election of AbouBakr, they joined the majority and even Ali Ibn Abou Taleb (God be pleased with him) supported the elected Caliph. The same scenario was repeated after election of Omar Ibn Alkhattab as the second Caliph and Othman Ibn Affan as the third Caliph. Ali Ibn Abou Taleb was then elected as the fourth Caliph.
What is the Sunni-Shiite division?
The initial split between the Shiites and Sunnis came when their prophet, Mohammed, died in 632. At that time, the Muslims controlled most of what we now call the Arabian Peninsula; the question came to be: who should be the new leader now that the prophet was gone? The Shiites and Sunnis disagreed over who the first new leader, called the Caliph ("successor"), should be, and how he should be chosen.Sunnis believed that the Caliph should be chosen by the shura, which is the consensus of the Ummah(community). Basically, the various leaders would get together and choose who they think is the best person to be Caliph.Shiites believed that the first Caliph was chosen by Mohammed himself before his death. Additionally, Shiites believe that only an imam (someone descended from Mohammed's daughter Fatima) could be the leader.The first Caliph was Mohammed's father-in-law Abu Bakr, who was chosen using the Sunni method. Shiites believed that Muhammed had nominated Fatima's husband Ali to be the first Caliph. Both sides could point to verses and quotations to support their point of view, so it wasn't easy to figure out who was right- the two sides still disagree.So, to shorten a long and complicated story, eventually Ali did indeed become Caliph (the fourth one, after Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman, all having had fairly short reigns). Ali also had a short reign (about five years, and then he was assassinated), during which a civil war between the two factions was fought and this solidified the schism. The two factions grew apart, and have since developed different traditions, customs and beliefs on how their religions should function.
Why do the Shi'as curse the first three Caliphs?
The practice of this originates back to the Safavid Dynasty in Iran. The conqueror Isma'il I, who proclaimed Shi'ism as the state religion, was very anti-Sunni. Iran, a Sunni majority at the time, was forced to convert to Shi'ism by Ismail I. To do this, one thing he imposed was the practice of cursing the first three Khalifas, Abu Bakr, Othman, and Omar, as a way of strengthening Shi'ism in his empire. The Safavid Dynasty became the origin of modern Shi'ism, and the cause of its spread "by the sword," or by violence. Thus, many Shi'as today still partake in these practices, regardless of the fact the Khalifas were highly trusted companions of the Prophet Muhammad (S).
What are the major causes of the development of Islamic caliphates?
The death of the Prophet Muhammad. It was then decided that as a religious and community leader he should be succeeded, and such a religious successor was called a Caliph; the region and community he ruled over, a Caliphate. This immediately led to the first schism, namely between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims. The Sunni Muslims considered Muhammad's father-in-law the rightful successor and first Caliph, the Shia Muslims considered his son-in-law the rightful successor.
