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I assume you mean in a miniature light Christmas tree light set.

Assume a 60 bulb set designed for 120 volts.

Each bulb has 120/60 or 2 volts across it when all bulbs are lit.

But each bulb has a tiny insulated wire across the contacts inside the bulb. The insulation can handle small voltages, but not 120 volts, so when the filament breaks, the voltage on the dead bulb goes from 2 volts to 120, breaking the insulation and welding the wire across the leads.

This newly welded wire then completes the circuit and the other bulbs instantly relight, now with 120/59 or 2.03 volts across each bulb, so they get slightly brighter.

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Q: Why does a bulb blows but other bulbs are not affected?
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