The oceans take longer to heat up and to cool down, compared to the land. Therefore, a wind coming off the sea in winter may be warmer, than a wind coming off the Continent.
Mainly because regions at higher latitudes receive less sunlight.
moderates the climate by absorbing heat via evaporation and releasing it at higher latitudes as rain
"High" latitudes. The equator has a latitude of zero. The area between the Tropic of Cancer (at 23.5 degrees north) and the Tropic of Capricorn (at 23.5 degrees south) are the "tropics" or low latitudes. The "polar regions" are above the Arctic Circle or below the Antarctic Circle, where the latitudes are higher than 66.5 degrees (north or south) are "high". The areas between the tropics and the arctic/antarctic are called "mid-latitudes or "temperate zones".
On a map of average annual temperature why are the lower latitudes so much warmer than the higher latitudes?
There are two reasons:The ocean acts as a significant thermal reservoir. Water has an amazingly high heat capacity, i.e it takes a lot more energy to raise and lower the temperature of water than it does most substances - and a lot of energy to freeze/thaw or evaporate/condense. The temperature of the air near the ocean is moderated by this - if the air is cold, the ocean can warm it without being changed very much in temperatureOcean currents can carry warmer water from lower latitudes to the higher latitudes. Areas near this warmer coastal water benefit from this by having the air above it absorb some of the energy of the comparatively warmer water to moderate the temperature swings. Inland the land stays put (unless you load it in trucks a and transport it - and even then you would have a hard time moving as much thermal mass as the ocean currents do naturally)
well by my calculations it is fairly warm and sometimes very cold
No!!! Amount of rainfall is not less in the lower latitudinal regions. Polar regions receive less heat so the process of evaporation is very slow there. As a result, it receives less rainfall. Thus,the regions having higher latitudes receives less rainfall.
because they are Very close to the North Pole, where the sun is hitting the earth at much less of an angle than at the Equator and everywhere else between. the higher the sun in the sky the warmer the temperatures...everything else being equal. It also has to do with the Jet stream and the patterns of the earths climate in general...its a V broad question, but Ive given you the simple answer to explain it enough for you at this stage.
There are two reasons:The ocean acts as a significant thermal reservoir. Water has an amazingly high heat capacity, i.e it takes a lot more energy to raise and lower the temperature of water than it does most substances - and a lot of energy to freeze/thaw or evaporate/condense. The temperature of the air near the ocean is moderated by this - if the air is cold, the ocean can warm it without being changed very much in temperatureOcean currents can carry warmer water from lower latitudes to the higher latitudes. Areas near this warmer coastal water benefit from this by having the air above it absorb some of the energy of the comparatively warmer water to moderate the temperature swings. Inland the land stays put (unless you load it in trucks a and transport it - and even then you would have a hard time moving as much thermal mass as the ocean currents do naturally)
Regions with a polar climate are characterized by a lack of warm summers (specifically, no month having an average temperature of 10 °C (50 °F) or higher). Regions with polar climate cover over 20% of the Earth.
Coastal regions tend to experience more mild winters due to the moderating effects of the ocean. The ocean has a higher heat capacity than land, which helps to keep coastal areas warmer in winter and cooler in summer. This moderating effect is known as a maritime climate, which leads to smaller temperature variations compared to the more extreme temperature changes in continental regions.
It affects the climate because the climate zone is determined by the line of latitude.