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This is a complicated answer. In the twenty-first century, do the majority of people living in the United States support the idea of universal health care? As with every political issue that arises in our country, there are many who supported independence, there were many who opposed it, and there were some who didn't care either way.
John Adams, writing in 1813 about a period thirty years earlier, wrote that two-thirds of the country supported independence. The problem with that estimate is that in the early nineteenth century, American political leaders needed to justify their actions, and the continued existence of their country, so Adams' estimate may be slightly exaggerated.
The key thing to remember is this - even if the majority of Americans did not want independence, or were apathetic towards it, there were enough men among the literate, politicized class of people to create an independent state out of thirteen disparate colonies. Just as today you do not necessarily need a majority of the American people to support your initiative, if you have the right political leaders on your side, you can do apparently anything.
Estimates vary but in general about 2/3 of the colonists were in favor and 1/3 not in favor.
This can't be answered since in 1775 the majority of the people in the colonies had been born there. The colonies began in 1607 so you are asking about over a hundred years.
By mutual consent all thirteen had to vote in favor of independence. That's why the formal document (the "Declaration of Independence") specifically points out that this is a unanimous declaration.(This does not mean every single individual in Congress, but that each colony's/state's delegation would vote, and a majority of "no's" in any delegation would defeat the measure.)
It is a debatable fact since the number of Loyalists would have included those wary of antagonizing their Patriot neighbors. However, it is doubtful that the Colonial Army could have survived without the support of the majority of the residents of the respective colonies. There were probably an equal number of businesses within the British-controlled areas that dared not openly support independence.
thomas Jefferson
In any revolution the majority do not wish to become involved. Most revolutions in history have been carried out by a small but determined part of the general population. The American revolution was about taxation. The taxation was imposed to pay for the very high costs of protecting the British settlers in America from the French and Native Indians. The settlers could not or would not defend themselves. So it was by no means clear that the uprising was justified or that the colonies would be able survive the combined threat from the French army and native population. If the New England colonies had not been so determined the other colonies would have been happy with the situation as it was.