Question: Did the Rhode Island and Pennsylvania statutes violate the First Amendment's Establishment Clause by making state financial aid available to "church-related educational institutions"?
Conclusion: Yes.
See below link for discussion:
The lemon v. Kurtzman case was a very high profile case that happened back in 1971. It pertained to Pennsylvania's 1968 nonpublic Elementary and secondary education act. The case was argued on 3-3-71 and decided on 6-28-71.
"In the Lemon v. Kurtzman case which was decided in 1971, strengthened the case for the separation of church and state. It continues to influences the federal governments decisions on religion."
is used to create a break in a circuit.
Unconstitutional, as its purpose is spiritual rather than secular
Bradfield v. Roberts ruled that funding was for a hospital was permissible even though the hospital was operated by a Roman Catholic institution. Everson v. Board of Education allowed funding for student transportation to all types of schools. Sloan v. Lemon was found unconstitutional because the state had provided funds to send children of low-income families to private, religious schools. Lee v. Weisman deemed it unconstitutional to have prayer before voluntarily attended school ceremonies.
The Establishment clause
To lemon African Americans right to vote I think
...determine the legal extent that government can involve itself in issues relating to religion.
Lemon vs Kurtzman
Kurtzman
Lemon was Alfred Lemon of the ACLU who agreed to argue against the use of Pennsylvania public funds for parochial schools.
LEmon Vs Kurtzman was a deciding case in the age old concept of church and state being seperate. This case proposed a test called the Lemon test, which looked into the state-funding of religious schools. The test proposed that the school must: Have a legitimate, secular purpous Not have the primary effect of inhibiting or promoting religion Not promote excessive entanglement between the church and state. This ruling was actually a set of three cases, Lemon v. Kurtzman, Earley v. DiCenso, and Robinson v. DiCenso. The ruling just became known under the first case, Lemon v. Kurtzman. This decision is especially significant because it created the aforementioned Lemon Test for evaluating laws relating to the relationship between church and state. It is a benchmark for all later decisions regarding religious liberty - some people love it, some hate it. For more info see http://www.answers.com/topic/lemon-v-kurtzman
The Supreme Court case Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) is important because it established the "Lemon test" for determining if a law violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. This test requires that government actions must have a secular purpose, must not advance or inhibit religion, and must not result in excessive entanglement between government and religion. This case has had a significant impact on how courts evaluate the constitutionality of laws related to religion.
I have some questions.1) Why did Kurtzman think he would win?2) Why did Lemon think he would won?3) Who were the people INVOLVED with the case?4) Which facts are MOST important in the case? What were the events prior to it arriving at the Supreme Court? (What events happened before it got to the supreme court)5) Why did the people involved act the way they did?6) What is the legal issue in this case?7) What is the public policy issue? (Question being presented to the court)8) What are the values in conflict in the case? What is the moral issue.9) What did the court decide? What did the decision mean for the parties? What precedent was set in the case?10) Do you agree or disagree with decision? How would you have decided the case and why?
The Lemon test was formulated by Chief Justice Warren Burger in the majority opinion in Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971). Lemon dealt with Rhode Island and Pennsylvania programs that supplemented the salaries of teachers in religiously based, private schools for teaching secular subjects. The Court struck down both programs as violating the establishment clause.
The Lemon test was formulated by Chief Justice Warren Burger in the majority opinion in Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971). Lemon dealt with Rhode Island and Pennsylvania programs that supplemented the salaries of teachers in religiously based, private schools for teaching secular subjects. The Court struck down both programs as violating the establishment clause.
member of the ACLU who took a case to the Supreme Court on the establishment of religion in state matters
The Lemon Test
Religious displays on public property can be seen as a violation of the establishment clause if they promote or endorse a particular religion. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that such displays must have a secular purpose, not primarily promote religion, and not excessively entangle the government with religion.
The Lemon test was formulated by Chief Justice Warren Burger in the majority opinion in Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971). Lemon dealt with Rhode Island and Pennsylvania programs that supplemented the salaries of teachers in religiously based, private schools for teaching secular subjects. The Court struck down both programs as violating the establishment clause.