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Firstly, ethanal is reacted with HCN to produce hydroxynitrile.

CH3CHO +HCN -------> CH3CH(OH)CN

Only then the hydroxynitrile is converted into carboxylic acid (lactic acid in this case) by heating under reflux with aqueous acids or alkalis (hydrolysis).

CH3CH(OH)CN + 2H2O + H+ (proton) --------> CH3CH(OH)COOH +NH4+ (ammonium ion)

Lactic acid basics can be found at bocsci(dot)com.

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