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How does the DNA replication takes place?
When DNA replication takes place weaker hydrogen bonds that join complementary bonds together become broken. The two different sides of the DNA ladder start to unravel. The parent strands, however, stay joined. The parent strands that remain become molds to nucleotides, that attach themselves to complementary bases. Polymerases fuse those free nucleotides into the DNA strand. Step 1: A special enzyme (helicase) "unzips" the double helix that is the DNA and Single Strand Binding Proteins stabilise the structure. Step 2: A primer with a short DNA sequence complementary to a region on the parental strand is added by a primase to allow replication to occur. Step 3: Another enzyme (DNA polymerase) combines free-floating deoxyribonucleosides triphosphate to their corresponding nucleotides that are attached to the DNA strand, attaching the free nucleotide to the 3' OH tail of the previous section, forming a complementary strand of DNA from the 5' to 3' direction. Really it's that easy. When it's finished, there are two identical strands of DNA, assuming no mutations occured.
Where do they cut the DNA strand?
They direct a specific Restriction Enzyme to cut the Dna Exactly where required.
Which enzyme would cut for this strand of DNA gcatggatcccaatgc?
gcgtagg
How do you calculate the GC content in a DNA strand?
Very Carefully
Role of component used in PCR?
TemplateThe template consists of the DNA region which will be amplified during the reaction. The template is one of the two strands in the double helix and is the point where the new strand will start to be built.Primers:There are two primers that are complemantary to the 3’ on the DNA strand. Without them the reaction can’t start.DNA polymerase:The DNA polymerase is a polymerase enzyme that builds/synthesizes DNA molecules out of its own nucleotide building blocks. This enzyme is essential for DNA replication (which is why it’s being used in PCR) and usually, it is working in pairs since it transforms a double stranded DNA molecule into two double-stranded helixes.MgCl2 concentration:Forms a soluble complex together with dNTP which produces the substrate that the polymerese recognizes. Without this, the polymerase will have trouble starting, if at all.dNTP (Deoxynucleoside triphosphate):These are nucleotides which contains triphosphate groups. These groups, also commonly named “building blocks”, are the ones from which the DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand.
What enzyme links DNA nucleotides to a growing daughter strand?
DNA polymerase is the enzyme that links DNA nucleotides to a growing daughter strand during DNA replication. It catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides on the new DNA strand.
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand?
The enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand is called DNA polymerase.
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for incorporating new complementary DNA nucleotides into the growing strand?
The enzyme responsible for incorporating new complementary DNA nucleotides into the growing strand is called DNA polymerase.
What is the process of DNA synthesis from 5' to 3' direction?
During DNA synthesis, new nucleotides are added to the growing DNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction. This means that nucleotides are added to the 3' end of the existing strand, as DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in this direction. This process ensures that the new DNA strand is synthesized in the correct orientation and maintains the genetic information encoded in the original DNA template.
What attaches free nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?
During DNA replication, DNA polymerase binds free DNA nucleotides to an unzipped DNA strand. During transcription, RNA polymerase binds free RNA nucleotides to the unzipped anti-sense DNA strand.
What is the directionality of DNA synthesis, specifically in terms of the orientation of nucleotides being added from the 5' to 3' prime end?
During DNA synthesis, nucleotides are added in a specific directionality, moving from the 5' to the 3' end. This means that new nucleotides are added to the growing DNA strand in a continuous manner, with the 5' end of the new nucleotide attaching to the 3' end of the existing strand.
What is the function of DNA polymerase 3 in the process of DNA replication?
DNA polymerase 3 is an enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication. It is responsible for synthesizing the majority of the new DNA strand by adding complementary nucleotides to the template strand.
How does the process of DNA replication involve the numbering of nucleotides?
During DNA replication, nucleotides are numbered based on their position in the DNA strand. The process involves the separation of the DNA double helix into two strands, with each strand serving as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. As new nucleotides are added to the growing strand, they are numbered sequentially to ensure the accurate replication of the genetic information. This numbering helps maintain the integrity and fidelity of the DNA replication process.
How does DNA polymerase III add nucleotides during the process of DNA replication?
DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides during DNA replication by attaching them to the growing DNA strand in a specific order that matches the complementary bases on the template strand. This enzyme catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotides, creating a new strand of DNA that is identical to the original template strand.
How is DNA synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction during cellular processes?
During cellular processes, DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction by DNA polymerase enzyme. This enzyme adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand in a specific order, following the template of the existing DNA strand. The 5' to 3' direction refers to the orientation of the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA molecule, with new nucleotides being added to the 3' end of the growing strand.
Where does DNA polymerase add nucleotides during the process of DNA replication?
DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand at the replication fork during the process of DNA replication.
How does the process of DNA replication occur, considering the fact that DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides?
During DNA replication, the enzyme DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand by matching them with the complementary nucleotides on the template strand. This process ensures accurate copying of the genetic information.
