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Is methemoglobinemia an example of an x linked disorder?
Methemoglobinemia is not primarily classified as an X-linked disorder; it is usually caused by genetic mutations that affect the hemoglobin's ability to carry oxygen. The most common forms of hereditary methemoglobinemia are autosomal recessive, linked to mutations in the cytochrome b5 reductase gene. However, certain acquired forms can occur due to exposure to specific chemicals or drugs. While some genetic conditions are X-linked, methemoglobinemia does not fall into that category.
With bluish-purple skin which genetic disorder?
Bluish-purple skin can be indicative of a genetic disorder known as methemoglobinemia, where an abnormal amount of methemoglobin—a form of hemoglobin that cannot effectively release oxygen to tissues—accumulates in the blood. This condition can be inherited or acquired and results in a characteristic skin discoloration known as cyanosis. Other genetic disorders that might cause similar symptoms could include certain forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, but methemoglobinemia is the most directly associated with bluish-purple skin.
The type of pathogen that causes AIDS?
The pathogen that causes AIDS is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 T cells, and weakens the body's ability to fight infections and diseases. Without treatment, HIV can progress to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
What virus does HIV cause?
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) by attacking the immune system, specifically CD4 cells. This makes the body more susceptible to infections and other illnesses.
Acquired characteristics lead to evolution?
Acquired characteristics acquired during an organism's lifetime cannot be passed on to offspring according to modern evolutionary theory. Evolution is driven by genetic variations that are inherited and can lead to changes in a population over time through natural selection.
What is the prognosis for acquired methemoglobinemia?
If found early, acquired methemoglobinemia can be easily treated with no side effects. After treatment with methylene blue the patient can expect a full recovery.
How is acquired methemoglobinemia treated?
For acquired methemoglobinemia the typical treatment is with methylene blue. This is administered with an IV over a five-minute period and results are typically seen within 20 minutes.
What is the prognosis for congenital methemoglobinemia?
Congenital methemoglobinemia is typically benign and should be observed. If methemoglobinemia symptoms occur the person should be taken to the hospital for treatment.
What is acquired sensory loss?
the main causes of acquired sensory loss are
How can methemoglobinemia be prevented?
If a person gets methemoglobinemia from a certain medication that medication should be avoided at all costs in the future. For people with congenital methemoglobinemia medications or other things that are known to oxidize hemoglobin should be avoided.
What is methanoglobnemia?
Methanoglobnemia is mispelled, it's actually methemoglobinemia Methemoglobinemia is a blood disorder in which an abnormal amount of methemoglobin -- a form of hemoglobin -- is produced. Hemoglobin is the molecule in red blood cells that distributes oxygen to the body. Methemoglobin cannot release oxygen. In methemoglobinemia, the hemoglobin is unable to release oxygen effectively to body tissues.
Is HIVs the same as acquired Immunity Syndrome?
No. HIV is not AIDS (Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome). HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.
The Fugate family of Kentucky intermarried and passed on the recessive gene behind a disease called methemoglobinemia which causes an enzyme deficiency that results in cyanosis As a result the Fuga?
Yes, the Fugate family of Kentucky, also known as the "Blue Fugates," intermarried which concentrated the recessive gene causing methemoglobinemia. Methemoglobinemia is a condition where the blood is unable to carry sufficient oxygen due to the enzyme deficiency, resulting in a blue skin discoloration known as cyanosis in affected individuals of the family. This unique genetic trait in the Fugate family gained attention from medical researchers due to its rare and isolated occurrence.
Methemoglobinemia?
DefinitionMethemoglobinemia is a blood disorder in which an abnormal amount of hemoglobin builds up in the blood. Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying molecule found in red blood cells. In some cases of methemoglobinemia, the hemoglobin is unable to carry oxygen effectively to body tissues.Alternative NamesHemoglobin M disease; Erythrocyte reductase deficiency; Generalized reductase deficiencyCauses, incidence, and risk factorsMethemoglobinemia may be passed down through families (inherited). Or, it may result from exposure to certain drugs, chemicals, or foods (acquired).There are two forms of inherited methemoglobinemia. The first form is passed on by both parents. The parents usually do not have the condition themselves, but they carry the gene that causes the condition. It occurs when there is a problem with an enzyme called cytochrome b5 reductase.There are two types of this form of methemoglobinemia:Type 1 (also called erythrocyte reductase deficiency) occurs when red blood cells lack the enzyme.Type 2 (also called generalized reductase deficiency) occurs when the enzyme doesn't work anywhere in the body.The second form of inherited methemoglobinemia, called hemoglobin M disease, is caused by defects in the hemoglobin molecule itself. Only one parent needs to pass on the abnormal gene in order for the child to inherit the disease.Acquired methemoglobinemia is more common than the inherited forms. It occurs after exposure to certain chemicals and drugs, including:Anesthetics such as benzocaine and XylocaineBenzeneCertain antibiotics (including dapsone and chloroquine)Nitrites (used as additives to prevent meat from spoiling)The condition may also occur in infants who are very ill or who are fed too many vegetables containing nitrates (such as beets).SymptomsSymptoms of type 1 methemoglobinemia (erythrocyte reductase deficiency) include:Bluish coloring of the skinSymptoms of type 2 methemoglobinemia (generalized reductase deficiency) include:Developmental delayFailure to thriveMental retardationSeizuresSymptoms of hemoglobin M disease include:Bluish coloring of the skinSymptoms of acquired methemoglobinemia include:Bluish coloring of the skinHeadacheFatigueShortness of breathLack of energySigns and testsMethemoglobinemia can be diagnosed with a blood test.A baby with this condition will have bluish skin color (cyanosis) at birth or shortly thereafter. Arterial blood gases and pulse oximetry results will be normal, making the condition challenging to diagnose.TreatmentA medicine called methylene blue is used to treat persons with severe methemoglobinemia. Note: Methylene blue may be dangerous in patients who have or may be at risk for a blood disease called G6PD deficiency, and should not be used. If you or your child has G6PD deficiency, always tell your health care provider before receiving treatment.Ascorbic acidmay also be used to reduce the level of methemoglobin.Alternative treatments include hyperbaric oxygen therapyand exchange transfusions.In most cases of mild acquired methemoglobinemia, no treatment is required. However, you should avoid the medicine or chemical that caused the problem. Severe cases may need treatment, such as a blood transfusion.Expectations (prognosis)People with Type 1 methemoglobinemia and hemoglobin M disease usually do well. Type 2 methemoglobinemia is much more serious, and usually causes death within the first few years of life.People with acquired methemoglobinemia usually do very well once the drug, food, or chemical that caused the problem is identified and avoided.ComplicationsShockSeizuresDeathCalling your health care providerCall your health care provider if you have a family history of methemoglobinemia and you develop symptoms of this disorder.Call your health care provider or emergency services immediately if you have severe shortness of breath.PreventionGenetic counseling is recommended for couples with a family history of methemoglobinemia who are considering having children.ReferencesDeBaun MR, Vichinsky E. Hemoglobinopathies. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 462.Gregg XT, Prchal JT. Red blood cell enzymopathies. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ Jr., Shattil SS, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingston; 2008: chap 45.
What are acquired hemolytic anemias caused by?
Acquired hemolytic anemias are those that result from various other causes. With this type, red cells are produced normally, but are prematurely destroyed
When was Methemoglobinemia discovered?
Methemoglobinemia was first described in 1943 by a physicians Alfred Stengel and Albert Mason of the University of Pennsylvania. They identified it as a condition where hemoglobin is unable to carry oxygen effectively due to the presence of excess methemoglobin in the blood.
What is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus apex?
HIV causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
