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Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.
8,065 Questions
Why do enzymes have an active site?
The structure of an enzymes and its active site determine which substrates will work for the enzyme. This is called the lock and key method. The active site is the lock and the substrate is the key.
What occurs during glycolysis?
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate in a series of enzymatic reactions. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and results in the production of ATP and NADH, which can be used as energy sources for the cell. Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration and can occur with or without the presence of oxygen.
Name a characteristic property of water?
Water requires a lot of energy to raise its structure and to evaporate.
What is the importance of isotonic solution in pharmacuetical preparation?
Isotonic solutions are important in pharmaceutical preparations because they help maintain the integrity of cells and tissues by preventing excessive water movement. This is crucial for drug delivery systems to avoid damage to cells and maintain stability of medications. Isotonic solutions also ensure proper absorption and distribution of drugs in the body, improving the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products.
Bodies that store and release chemicals for cell use?
Organelles such as vesicles and lysosomes store and release chemicals for cell use. Vesicles transport substances within the cell or to the cell membrane for secretion, while lysosomes contain enzymes that break down cellular waste materials. Both organelles are important for maintaining cellular function and responding to changes in the cell's environment.
What were Charles Darwin's accomplishments to Science?
Darwin established the theory of natural selection (evolution). On the Galapagos Islands he was fairly free to walk among animals previously unexposed to humans, thus seeing him as no threat. He observed: (1) more offspring were produced than would survive based on the available resources (food, water, space), (2) the offspring varied in form and had a range of characteristics, (3) the offspring would compete for the available resources. Darwin concluded that the creatures that were best suited to a particular environment would survive long enough to reproduce and pass their characteristics to a new generation. This is evolution. "Survival of the fittest" is actually shortened from the phrase, "survival of the fittest in a particular environment". Individual creatures don't evolve. Species evolve. A species is a group of organisms capable of breeding and producing offspring. Evolution drives the creation of new species. No organism is more or less evolved than another. One organism may be more suited to survive in a particular environment.
Why do all organisms require nitrogen?
Nitrogen is a vital component of many biological molecules, including proteins and nucleic acids. It is essential for processes like growth, reproduction, and DNA synthesis in organisms. Plants, animals, and microorganisms all require nitrogen to build and maintain their cellular structures and perform various metabolic functions.
What metabolic pathway is common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar breakdown?
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar breakdown. It is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. All organisms produce a high energy compound ATP by releasing energy stored in glucose and other sugars.
What are the characteristics of all living things?
All living things are made up of cells, require energy for growth and development, respond to their environment, reproduce to create new generations, and have the ability to adapt to changes over time.
What are the different branches of biochemistry?
i believe there are amny branches of biochemistry, it will be niuce if i get to know them
Why there are 4 D-aldopentoses but only two D-ketopentoses?
This is my understanding.... though I am no expert by any means...
Aldopentoses have 3 chiral centers (assymetrical carbon atoms) which allows for 8 stereoisomers (4D and 4L) while ketopentoses have 2 chiral centers which makes 4 stereoisomers .
Gene silencing is a process by which the expression of a specific gene is suppressed, leading to a reduction or elimination of the gene's protein product. This can occur through various mechanisms, such as RNA interference or epigenetic modifications, which can silence gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. Gene silencing plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and can be used in research and therapeutic applications.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Explain the cleansing action of soap?
Soaps are sodium or potassium fatty acids salts, produced from the hydrolysis of fats in a chemical reaction called saponification. In water, the sodium or potassium ions float free, leaving a negatively-charged head. Soap is an excellent cleanser because of its ability to act as an emulsifying agent.
What is a simple test for presence of tannic acid?
Tannic acid is a type of polyphenol with the chemical formula of C76H52O46. A simple test for tannic acid is to add the substance to distilled water. Then add two drops of ferric chloride. If this results in a greenish precipitate, it indicates the presence of tannic acid.
Pi is a Greek letter. It is used in mathematics to represent the number 3.1416.
One may calculate the circumference of a circle by multiplying the diameter by pi. One may calculate the area of a circle by multiplying the square of the radius by pi.
Pi is actually a little less than 3.1416, but that's close enough for most applications.
BENZTDINE TEST
Ø Presumptive test for identifying Blood
Ø It is highly sensitive
Principle involved:-It makes use of the peroxidase-like action of haeme group of Hemoglobin
Method:-In presence of an oxidant like Hydrogen Peroxide, haeme group oxidizes colorless Benzidine to produce BLUE colored products
How DEAE-Sepharose chromatography causes separation of proteinsDobby and Kreacher?
DEAE-Sepharose chromatography separates proteins based on their charge. Proteins with a higher positive charge (like Kreacher) will bind more strongly to the negatively charged DEAE-Sepharose resin, allowing them to be retained longer on the column. Proteins with lower positive charge (like Dobby) will elute earlier as they interact less with the resin. This difference in binding affinity for the resin results in the separation of the proteins.
What is the difference between genes DNA and chromosomes?
The following earlier provided answer, I believe, is wrong:
"A gene is not a single structure or thing. It is made up of the micro-structures that determine a trait. These micro-structures are primarily chromosomes. Chromosomes are pieces of DNA. A single strand of DNA stretched out would be about 3 feet long. A common analogy is that DNA is like the strands of a necklace and the chromosomes are the beads. There are two strands of DNA that intertwine forming a pattern called the "Double Helix"
basically, a gene is part of a chromosome. which all falls underneath DNA"
To my understanding, a chromosome consists of a single DNA string (up to 2 meters long if unfolded) that is tightly curled up around many protein molecules (histone) and around itself (much like old telephone wires after years of use). The resulting bundle is called a chromosome.
A Gene is a particular section of the chromosome's DNA string. There are many such sections on the DNA string - thus it contains (also calls 'codes') many genes - in humans between 500 and 4500 depending on what chromosome. One gene contains information for producing one particular protein. It is the sequence of bases (T, C, G or A) in the DNA gene section that defines which protein.
The beginning and end of a gene section is marked by a start and a stop sequence ( also called codons) of a gene. In DNA the start can typically be the base sequence ATG and the stop sequence typically TAA, TGA or TAG.
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Each chromosome has a different DNA string. Thus some times you see people wrinting that a chromosome is only a part of a person's DNA. By that, they mean all the DNA in the body - whcih of course is true, since you have 23 different pairs of chromosomes. But that should not be misunderstood as "a chromosome is part of a DNA string" as frequently seen on the net.
Genes are to be found on Chromosomes.
And Chromosomes are singular pieces of DNA, which contain many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences.
What organelles are involved in protein synthesis and export?
Organelles involved in protein synthesis include the ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes synthesize proteins, which are then processed and modified in the endoplasmic reticulum. Proteins are then transported to the Golgi apparatus for further modification and sorting before being exported from the cell.
Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are the main components of cell membranes. They consist of a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails that give them the ability to form a lipid bilayer. This structure provides the foundation for cell membranes and helps regulate what goes in and out of cells.
The functions of centrioles include?
Organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division. During metaphase the chromosomes line up in the middle, and in anaphase they start to pull apart towards the edge. Centrioles are responsible for creating/ organizing the spindle that pulls them apart.
A substance that combines with hydrogen ions?
A substance that combines with hydrogen ions is called a base. Bases accept protons (hydrogen ions) to form water molecules. This process is the basis of the Brønsted-Lowry definition of bases.
