Evolution

Until now, it was unclear as to which genes control differences between the upper and lower jaw of the vertebrate head. Jawed vertebrates evolved from jawless ancest ors over 400 million years ago, and the evolution of a biting lower jaw was a critical step in vertebrate evolution. Comparative studies of vertebrate embryos suggest that lower jaws arose during evolution through changes in patterning along the proximodistal (PD) axis of the jaw as it forms.

The jaw is one of a series of segmental reiterated structures called pharyngeal arches, and its PD axis, like appendages such as limbs, extends from the base of the arch to its tip. How this axis is established is still debated, but like limbs it clearly involves Dlx homeobox transcription factors related to distalless, a key regulator of appendage development in Drosophila.

ANSWERS * There are countless evidences for micro-evolution, that is, adaptations of species; scientists believe this also occurred as macro-evolution, the development of new species. There is also substantial evidence for natural selection, the survival of species that are best adapted to their environment. Evolution does not address the origin of life. Beyond that, it would certainly be difficult to show conclusively that evolution is the sole explanation for the development and survival or extinction of species. * Evolution is far and away the best explanation for all the facts regarding life on earth and the changes it has undergone. Evolution, the idea that life has been here on earth and has been changing over millions of years, is fact. Darwin's tree of life is real, and fact-proven. The facts of evolution are presented in modern evolutionary synthesis (MES). There is a mountain of facts that are stacked up behind MES. The evidence is overwhelming. Note that it is not a question of the facts supporting MES, but rather MES explains all the many facts we have gathered about life on earth, about its tenure here and the many changes it has gone through over the billions of years since it began. [And evolution doesn't say man evolved from monkeys. It only says we have a common ancestor. It is a good idea to check facts before arguing against a point of view.] It should be fairly noted that MES offers no proof whatsoever regarding abiogenesis (the creation of life). There is no physical evidence of any kind that speaks to the animation of mud by lighting. Only a number of theories are set out to offer what might have happened. In the mean time, anyone who is sitting in biology and learning about evolution is learning scientific fact. Life has been on earth for billions of years, and it has been changing against the backdrop of a changing earth for all that time. If life did not change when the earth did, that life died. It's that simple. Evolution as it is presented in modern evolutionary synthesis is fact. And the vast majority of scientists and scientific organizations worldwide are in agreement. This is what is currently taught in biology class, and correctly so.

* Scientists find apparent evidence of macro-evolution everywhere in the fossil record. One example of an apparently transitional species is the 380 million-year-old fossil of a primitive fish, Gogonasus. It had fins some scientists believe were strong enough to support its weight in shallow water and propel itself along. A scan of the fossil, using a three-dimensional X-ray microscope, revealed its skeleton had several features that were like those of a four-legged land animal, or tetrapod. They included a structure similar to one of the bones of a middle ear; and there were arm-like bones in its fins:the radius and ulna, as are also in the pectoral fins of whales. Here was a fish that seems to have evolved to a point where it had much in common with later land animals. * No, there are also evidences that indicate evolution is not true. There are many biological organisms and organs that appear to be irreducibly complex, such as the eye. Which part of the eye could have evolved first from accidental mutation? Why did it survive natural selection--what use was it without the rest of the eye? These evidences are not accepted as valid arguments by evolutionary scientists.

* Macro-evolution -- the development of entirely new species from existing ones, such as dinosaurs evolving into birds -- has no indisputable evidence. Can you observe it? No. Can you demonstrate it? No. The evidences offered tend to be of the noted similarities variety and without an intelligent intervention, evolution is the only explanation that seems to work. Adaptations merely show selection for traits already present in the gene pool. There is no evidence for addition of complex design information, such as would be required for amoeba to human evolution. The opponents of evolution would claim that the similarities could as easily be evidences of common design.

* Of course we can not observe macro-evolution taking place, simply because the timescales are too long. But we can demonstrate it. In the example suggested above by a skeptic, the evolution of dinosaurs into birds, scientists have found rock impressions of dinosaur bodies, showing the presence of feathers. Of course the dinosaur in question did not use feathers to fly, but to keep warm. And Archaeoptrix was a dinosaur, but it was also almost a bird.

* There's a reason they call it the Theory of Evolution - that means that even the people who believe in it 100% know it can't be proven. * Despite over 70 years of militant teaching that evolution is true, there have been no, count it, no definitive correlations between this theory and fact. Despite the wishful thinking of the evolutionists, there has been no proof that Darwin's Origin of the Species was correct. Short version...my ancestors were men...Darwin's might have been apes, but there's no proof. * Not only is there no evidence that evolution is true the switching of terms to make it sound true only hides the fact, it doesn't make it any more true. The reference here is to the proven fact that organisms change in response to their environment. This is called natural selection but it is not evolution as the organism does not evolve into anything else. It merely uses the genetic information in its gene pool to either adapt, or in some cases unfortunately, it becomes extinct. There is no evidence that species change into something else. Genetics demonstrates that there are definite limits to change. To equate natural selection with evolution is pseudo-science.

* Evolution is widely regarded as fact by virtually all earth and life scientists, some of whom are Christian. Evolution unifies and explains hundreds of thousands of facts in several areas of science extremely elegantly, it allows us to predict with startling accuracy where we will find fossils, how old they will be when we find them, what they will look like and why, and allows us to fight disease by using evolutionary principles to determine how diseases will evolve over time. Evolution is observed at every level, from natural selection to speciation (the formation of new species).

* Apart from their being no evidence that evolution is true there is also much evidence that directly contradicts various aspects of evolutionary dogma.

• Evolution was not entirely devised by Charles Darwin; there were many evolutionists before Darwin, though he was the one who pulled the connections together.
• The acceptance of Evolution in school was tested in 1925 with the Scopes trial. A young teacher, John Scopes, taught his Biology class Evolution instead of Creation and was consequently found guilty and fined for teaching the non-Biblical account of life.
• On the Origin of Species, the most important book in the Evolutionary world, was published in 1859.
• The smallest unit of evolutionary change is a population, not an individual.
• Darwin's evolutionary theory provoked other theories such as "Social Darwinism."
• Evolution is the gradual changes occur in a living organism with the passage of time.
• The most amazing fact is that the offspring of a living organism shows small differences from their parents but after some generations (eg. after 4 generations) the organisms of last generation (4th generation) are totally different from the very first generation! giraffe's long neck is due to evolution because the neck of first giraffe was not long as compared to modern giraffe!

Sources:

Me, smart people I know, text books, and the Internet.

(If you do not believe me, just search the Internet, it will give more info on why there are no facts about evolution.)

Darwin's classic theory of evolution assumed that evolution is a slow, contunuous process, by which new species evolve and emerge. This is referred to at times as "organic evolution" and the "synthetic theory of evolution", or just the Darwinian theory of evolution. A newer theory, proposed originally by Niles Eldridge and Stephen Jay Gould is known as "punctuated equilibria", a model in which the evloution of new species occurs only periodically, in relatively rapid spurts. See "Time Frames the Rethinking of Darwinian Evolution and the Theory of Punctuated Equilibraia, Simon & Schuster, 1985"