Government

what is decentralisation?

when power is taken away from state and central governments and given to local government, is called decentralisation .

It can work for a limited time, but removes many individual freedoms. If the particular military are honourable it can certainly be better than politicians many of whom are corrupt and self serving.

defense and law enforcement (including the system of property rights), public fireworks, lighthouses, clean air and other environmental goods, and information goods, such as software development, authorship, and invention.

Federalism and the federal system define the basic structure of American government. There were many disagreements at the Constitutional Convention. Many delegates feared a national government that was too strong and many delegates feared that states' rights would merely continue the weak form of government under the Articles. The Constitution created a federal system of government (federalism) as a compromise. Under federalism, power is shared and divided between national and state governments. Each has specific powers unto themselves while they also share certain powers. Both levels have their own agencies and officials and directly affect the people. The Founding Fathers really had no other choice except federalism. The weak union created under the Articles would not work yet people did not want to give all the power to a national government. Federalism was the middle ground--compromise--a way to distribute authority between the states and the national government.

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In the United States, it's Personal Income Tax.

Popular participation in government refers to various shemes that get the public involved in their country's government. It can refer to the democratic election system or systems like the U.S. government's "We the People" petition arrangement.

A puppet government is a government that does not have the independence to rule by itself, but is controlled by a foreign power. Vichy France in World War II is a good example.

China was and is run by a communist party.

The local government have 3 primary control over a local government:

1. assessment and collection of tax (esp on real estate properties) and formulation of local budget for proper disbursing of revenues collected

2. make and amend local law,policies and regulation

3. overall control of the local government unit

Coup

The chief goal of the Vienna decision makers was to create a lasting peace by establishing a balance of power and protecting the system of monarchy.

Rank is a vague word. In most cases senator is "ranked" higher than mayor.

I'm going to assume you mean by who has more power and influence. If that is the question, then for mayors it really depends on what city, but in most cases, I'd say the senator is ranked higher. There are only 2 per state, whereas there are hundreds of cities per state with mayors (under population 5000 places are not allowed to have mayors). Mayors also work closely with the city council and don't really make all the decisions. A senator of even sparsely populated states carry a vote in congress and directly contributes to passing laws. Senators work in the white house impacting the country as a whole, whereas mayors can only make local decisions particular to that city.

That said, mayor of new york city is still relatively powerful and influential.

It is the Congress. The congress is divided into two sections, the Senate, and the House of Representatives.

Governments use censorship to prevent something from being published or broadcast for reasons of secrecy. For example during war time the government may want to limit some of the information being published to improve the moral of the citizens or to prevent the enemy from getting information from the media. For example there was censorship around the troop build up in England prior to D-Day so that the size and scope fo the operation would remain a mystery to the enemy.

Government can also use censorship to prevent alternate opinions from being broadcast to the population. For example in World War I the US had very harsh censorship laws and prevented anyone from speaking out against that war. This is a double edged source as it subverts democratic principles by not allowing free discussion on issues and could be seen as an abuse of power.

Government can also attempt to censor on moral authority and decide, for example what is fit print and read and what is not. It can be done directly by censoring specific works or put in place legal or voluntary frameworks that effectively censor works. This is another double edge sword that potentially prevents people from accessing material they want to because of "Big Brother" government.

It is a very powerful position, enabling someone to do a lot in a country. It is the head of the government. It is also a very well paid job. For these and other reasons, it is an attractive position.

There are presently a number of totalitarian states on Earth; the most extreme example is that of North Korea and Lithuania's "Seimas". Burma (also known as Myanmar) is also notable for its totalitarianism, as are several other nations including China, Libya, Syria, etc.

The type of Government that Panama has is called a Constitutional Democracy or Monarch meaning that it is under a law so the Government that is incharge of Panama owns them or is incharge of every buisness in Panama.

Montesquieu argued that the best government would be one in which power was balanced among three groups of officials. He thought England - which divided power between the king (who enforced laws), Parliament (which made laws), and the judges of the English courts (who interpreted laws) - was a good model of this.

Basic principles

full credit

Wetlands

In the American Dual Court system, the Federal Court governs the laws passed by the federal government, controversies between states, as well as deciding how the Constitution applies to both federal and state laws. The various State Courts decide cases based on the laws passed by each state legislature.

The members of the Second Continental Congress were a less cautious bunch than the delegates to the First CC. Militants had taken many of the conservative places. Fighting had started and the Second Continental Congress agreed to appoint George Washington as commander of the colonial troops around Boston. He would become Commander of all the continental forces. Not yet ready to declare independence, they issued a "Declaration of the Cause and Necessity of Taking up Arms" in 1775. By June, it appeared that independence was gaining popularity and Richard Henry Lee of Virginia introduced the resolution for independence from Great Britain. The Congress appointed a committee to form the Declaration of Independence, with most of the work done by Thomas Jefferson. The Congress then adopted the Declaration, acted as the government for the colonies during the war, raised an army and navy, approved the creation of the Articles of Confederation, and negotiated the peace with Great Britain

True: government is the supreme power within the state.