Photosynthesis

Circinnate vernation is a type of plant leaf development where the young leaf is coiled or rolled up before unfolding. This coil structure helps to protect the delicate young leaf from damage as it emerges from the bud. It also allows for efficient growth as the leaf rapidly unwinds and expands to full size.

Photosynthesis occurs in two main steps: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle). In the light-dependent reactions, light energy is used to split water and produce ATP and NADPH. In the light-independent reactions, ATP and NADPH are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

Photosynthesis happens in the day, and involves the intake of CO2 and excretion of O2. Respiration happens in the night, and involves the intake of O2 and the excretion of CO2.

They opposite, and therefore compliment each other, as they are balanced

In hot, arid conditions, C3 and C4 plants have to partially close their stomata to reduce water loss. However, this inhibits photosynthesis. Therefore, C3 and C4 plants are photosynthetically more efficient in more temperate environments.

Photosynthesis mainly occurs during the daylight hours when there is light available for plants to use in the process. Therefore, photosynthesis does not take place during the nighttime when it is dark.

The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membrane and convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, while releasing oxygen as a byproduct. The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast and uses the ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions to fix carbon dioxide and synthesize carbohydrates, such as glucose. In summary, the light reactions capture light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, while the Calvin cycle uses this energy to incorporate carbon from CO2 into organic molecules.

Yes, it has been proven that players from regions with average high annual solar exposure tend to perform much better, than those from regions of lower solar exposure.

Our research shows that in those well lit corners of the world, chlorophylls from well nourished vegetables reside longer in human body in higher skin layers and when exposed to sun light these cells release additional energy into human system, at the same time oxydising blood cells carrying CO2.

This way less energy is wasted in the process of oxydising blood in the lungs and heart.

From our test on a representative group of young caucasian males we received following results (only max and min presented here):

Best results: Regions of southern Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean Sea, The Balkans, Pannonian Plane, Adriatic and Black Sea.

Medium results: Most of Europe and Scandinavia.

Worst results: a sole group represented by those born in Ireland. Unconclusive additional research pointed to specific beverages being consumed in large quantities on that Island.

Chemicals such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene are often used to create cellular plastics, commonly known as foam. These chemicals are processed using methods like extrusion or injection molding to produce the cellular structure found in materials like foam packaging or insulation.

Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy through a series of reactions. This process produces glucose (energy) for the plant and releases oxygen as a byproduct.

Cellular respiration requires a macromolecule to be broken down (usually glucose) and a final electron acceptor for the end of the electron transport chain (usually oxygen in most organisms). The reactants are a product of photosynthesis.

The splitting of water takes place in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. This process, known as photolysis, occurs in the presence of sunlight and is a crucial step in producing oxygen and electrons for the formation of ATP and NADPH.

The reactants for cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen, come from the food we eat and the air we breathe. Once products like ATP, carbon dioxide, and water are produced, they are used as energy sources for various cellular processes or expelled from the body through exhalation.

Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a type of bacteria that can live in both fresh and saltwater environments and are capable of photosynthesis. They play a significant role in aquatic ecosystems by producing oxygen through photosynthesis.

They produce sugars to be:

1) broken down for energy/food (cellular respiration to produce ATP)

2) linked together in long chains to produce starch and cellulose

- starch can be used for coloring (white, like in flower petals)

- cellulose is used to build the plant cell walls for support (especially thick in woody cells)

The dark reaction, also known as the Calvin Cycle, occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts. This process uses ATP and NADPH generated from the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Palisade cells filled with maximum chloroplasts, leaf orientation to get sunshine on its every part and increased stomatal porocity are some of the photosynthetic adaptations of plants. The C4 plants having all these peculiarities are more efficient than C3 plants.

Well, the photoreceptors trap the light regardless of chemicals present, but in order for the plant to convert the light energy to energy useable by the plant, it needs the presence of Chlorophyll.

The two most important output products from photosynthesis are oxygen and glucose. Oxygen is critical for cellular respiration in organisms that require it for survival, and glucose serves as a source of energy for most living organisms on Earth.

Photosynthesis is not a organism. It is a process on plants. It provides energy for us.

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and other organic molecules to produce energy in the form of ATP. This process involves the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide. In contrast, photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. Together, cellular respiration and photosynthesis are complementary processes in the carbon cycle, with the products from one process serving as the reactants for the other.

Cellular respiration is the process by which food is broken down by the body's cells to produce energy in the form of ATP molecules. Cells use ATP to supply their energy needs.

In plants, some of this ATP energy is used during photosynthesis to produce sugar. These sugars are in turn broken down during cellular respiration, continuing the cycle.

from my knowledge, it all comes down to the structure of the protein. if there is no complimentary shape for the protein then no binding will occur and therefore no reaction. furthermore there can be proteins or molecules that can bind to the protein and change its shape (i.e. goes through a conformational change) and therefore can stop other proteins binding to it and causing a reaction. in terms of enzymes and substrates, the substrate can ether bind in the active site of the enzyme, in which case it is classed as a competitive inhibitor or it can bind to an allosteric site (sites other than the active site of an enzyme) in which case it is classed as non competitive inhibitor. both these forms of inhibitory action can stop a reaction taking place.

Ive never done much chemistry so i may be wrong but from a chemistry point of view these non reaction can be explained by electron sharing, losing and gaining. atoms are more likely to share or give an electron depending on the number of electrons found on its most outer layer. in pure basic terms the first layer/shell/energy level likes to have two electrons and the second layer/shell/energy level has eight electrons. it is also important to note the first shall has to be full before it can move onto the second shell. so for example if we consider oxygen it has 8 electrons. the first layer will be filled with 2 electrons and the second with 6. oxygen by itself can be referred to as radicals and they are very unstable and can be toxic to the cells in the body. however when oxygen binds with another oxygen to form an oxygen molecule the structure becomes stable and will get a reaction. this is because oxygen will start to share two electron from its outer most layer which will conquer with the rule of having 2 or 8 electrons on its outer most layer. I've only talked about the first and second layer but there can be many more layers/shells/energy levels and the number of electrons on the outer most layer can change to a higher number.

a process of reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate

The photodissociation of ozone (O3) in the stratosphere during the Chapman cycle produces oxygen atoms. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation breaks apart the ozone molecule into O2 and an oxygen atom (O).

The gas that is removed by sodium hydroxide and is needed for photosynthesis is carbon dioxide (CO2). This gas is essential for plants to produce glucose through the process of photosynthesis.