Alexander Graham Bell

Bell may not be the originator of this quote. The complete excerpt is:

When one door closes, another opens; but we often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door that we do not see the one which has opened for us.

The earliest attribution for this quote is to Jean Paul Richter, a German romantic writer who lived from the late 18th century to the early 19th century. It appears first in 1918 in The Modern Hospital, Volume 10, page 219.

The quote is also attributed to Helen Keller as quoted in The Open Door (1957), and later to Alexander Graham Bell, first appearing in Christian Herald, Volume 89 (1966).

None of these attributions have ever been successfully vetted.

Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 - August 2, 1922) was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone.

Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work.[1] His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.[2] In retrospect, Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.[3]

Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics. In 1888, Alexander Graham Bell became one of the founding members of the National Geographic Society.[4]

Alexander Graham Bell's Inventions Alexander Graham Bell is best known as the inventor of the telephone. However, his analytical mind and a keen interest in the sciences led him to several other inventions. A little known fact is that at the early age of 12, Bell built a device to dehusk wheat. To know a little more about his achievements, read on...

"Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. Every time you do so you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. All really big discoveries are the results of thought." - Alexander Graham Bell, Inventor

Alexander Graham Bell's journey that resulted in the invention of the telephone commenced with the building of an automaton head that simulated human voice. This invention, though very rudimentary, could articulate a few words and was inspired by Sir Charles Wheatstone's similar invention. Graham Bell's primary interest in the transmission of sound stemmed from his concern regarding his mother's gradual deafness. This interest took on a more serious note after the initial experiment, and he began working on the transmission of sound, using tuning forks to explore resonance. In the years to come, his experiments continued alongside his teaching career.

Telephone

Around the year 1874, Graham Bell's work on the harmonic telegraph began to show results. While the world was looking for a way to send multiple telegraph messages on a single telegraph line, Bell was working on a device that would transmit the human voice by telegraph. His efforts were supported by wealthy patrons, which enabled him to hire Thomas A. Watson, an electrical designer and mechanic. Together, they developed the acoustic telegraph in 1875.

There exists a longstanding debate as to whom the credit for creating the first model of the telephone goes to. Many believe it is Elisha Gray, an inventor who at the same time, was also experimenting with acoustic telegraphy, and had found a way to transmit speech using a water transmitter. Though they filed patents on the same day, Bell was issued patent 174,465 first, on 7th March, 1876, for his invention.

One fact remains, that a few days after receiving his patent, Bell succeeded in getting his telephone to work using a liquid transmitter like the one in Gray's design! In his defense, after March 1876, he focused on improving the electromagnetic telephone he designed and never used Gray's liquid transmitter for commercial use. A series of demonstrations to introduce the invention which began on 3rd August, 1876, were received with much enthusiasm and led him to worldwide recognition. This led to the setting up of the Bell Telephone Company in 1877. Over the years, engineers at the Bell Company made constant improvements to the telephone, leading to better clarity and functionality. By 1915, Bell made transcontinental telephone calls possible.

Metal Detector

Alexander Graham Bell invented the world's first metal detector, in 1881. Some of the technology that went into making the metal detector already existed. Bell incorporated this know-how and produced a fairly crude version. Even though, it was not as sophisticated as the present-day metal detectors when it was tested, it worked perfectly. It was even used in an attempt to locate a bullet lodged inside the body of U.S. President James Garfield. Unfortunately, at this critical time, it failed to perform. Popular opinion dictates that this might have occurred because the president lay on a bed with a metal frame, which may have confused the device.

Hydrofoils

Two pioneers in the field of hydrofoils were William E. Meacham and Italian inventor Enrico Forlanini. Inspired by their publications and works, Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Frederick W. "Casey" Baldwin contributed significantly to the field of hydrofoils.

In the scientific field, Alexander Graham Bell worked on a wide range of inventions. For his works, 18 patents were held solely by him and he shared 12 others with his collaborators. These included 14 for the telephone and telegraph, four for the photophone, one for the phonograph, two for selenium cells, four for hydro airplanes and five for aerial vehicles. His work and inventions are not limited to these patented products. Some of the other projects he worked on included an audiometer to detect minor hearing problems, a device to locate icebergs, and work on finding alternative fuels. His concern with finding solutions to deafness never died out and he spent a significant part of his life teaching speech to the deaf.

This brilliant mind made many contributions to the fields of science and technology. His invention of the telephone revolutionized the way people around the world would communicate with each other. This technological invention made such an impact, that it changed the way they lived their lives.

Alfredo Santos - Filipino Chemist:

Doctor Alfredo Santos is a noted researcher in the chemistry of natural products, in particular the isolation and elucidation of the phaeantharine and other alkaloids from Philippine medical plants.

Alfredo Santos - Degrees:

· BS in Pharmacy, University of the Philippines

· Doctorate in Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas

· Doctorate in Philosophy, Westfalische Wilhelms Universitat Munster - 1929

Alfredo Santos - Awards:

· 1953 - Outstanding Pharmacist Researcher of the Philippine Pharmaceutical Association

· 1954 - Magsaysay's Distinguished Service Star

· 1973 - PhilAAS Outstanding Scientist Award