Ancient Greece

The ancient Greeks did not have science to explain how the Earth works yet, so they made up stories about Greek gods to explain forces of nature.

The rule of the few is called Oligarchy. However, this does not necessarily mean rule by the rich, which is Plutocracy.

The tyranny in Athens was terminated in 510 BCE when the tyrant Hippias was expelled. The aristocrats tried to re-establish their power, but Cleisthenes in 507 BCE established a democratic assembly.

It was a coalition of about 200 Greek city-states formed under the leadership of Athens after the Persian invasion was repelled, to protect the liberated Greek cities in Asia Minor and the Islands. After peace was eventually made with the Persian Empire, Athens continued to enforce collection of the war fund and spent it on itself, turning the League into an empire of Athens, the cities thus exchanging one ruler for another.

We don't know when Aeneas was born, all dates before the founding of Rome (traditionally set at 753 BC) are unreliable, since they are prehistoric (before the start of written history).

But the fall of Troy is usually set around 1184 BC, and at the time of the fall Aeneas is already old enough to have a young son (Ascanius) - but also young enough to marry again once he reaches Latium and have more children.

Being reasonable, Aeneas must have been born before 1200 BC, and 1210-1220 ish seems a good estimate.

The facilitated criticiam of the aristocracy and self-important, and exposed poor policy and leadership.

It was crisis of political instability. There were conspiracies against emperor Commodus, who was described as a coward and more interested in sport than politics, followed by struggles between five men who wanted to usurp the title of emperor. The crisis saw the end of the Nervan-Antonine dynasty and the beginning of the Severan dynasty. The establishment of the new dynasty ended this period of political instability.

On the death Of Marcus Aurelius in 180, his son Commodus succeeded him. His sister Lucilla arranged a conspiracy against him. The assassination was bungled. Commodus' treasurer was murdered in a second conspiracy. There was unrest in Gaul and Germany caused by army deserters and an army revolt in Brittany. A plot by one of the deserters to assassinate Commodus was betrayed. Another plot was uncovered and foiled in the same year. Cleander, the new treasurer, deposed the praetorian prefect (the commander of the praetorian guard, the bodyguards of the emperor) and sold public offices to strengthen his political position with the intent of becoming more powerful than the emperor. However, he was executed following a riot against him. After this, Commodus decided to take charge of his government, but he was murdered in the following year.

This was followed by the year of the five emperors, where five usurpers claimed the title of emperor. Pertinax was proclaimed emperor by the praetorian guards, but was murdered by them, apparently because he gave them only half of the pay off for making him emperor. Then Didius Julianus outbid a rival in paying off the soldiers and was proclaimed emperor. A demonstration broke out and people called for Prescennius Niger, governor of Syria, to become emperor. He was proclaimed emperor by the eastern legions. However, Septimius Severus marched on Rome and took over. He was challenged by Clodius Albinus who was proclaimed emperor by the legions of Britannia and Hispania. He crossed into Gaul with his troop and defeated Septimius Severus' general in Gaul. He established his headquarters in Lyon, but was defeated there in a large battle by Septimius Severus, who then managed to consolidate his power and start a new dynasty.

The human body that Ancient Greek's artists portrayed was outstanding for their lifelike, similar proportions to the real human body, their idealized and aesthetic figure, represented by physical strength (like an athletes') and asymmetrical features. The main focus was usually naked male figures.

Egypt and Mesopotamia are/were flat lands with one or two bid rivers which were essential for making a living by farming. Greece is rather hilly. There are mountains, hills and valleys, and it is not a very hot (no deserts!) area. There isn't a main or big river there.

I cannot think of ANY tyrant that was liked in all history.

The Ancient Greek civilization served as the foundation for the arts educational systems, language, philosophy, politics, and science in Western Europe. Through the Roman Empire, ancient Greek concepts such as democracy and republic came about.

A phalanx was a military formation of packed ranks of infantry locked into formation with spears providing offensive and defensive capability, and shields providing lateral and overhead protection.

The ancient period is generally accepted as ending in 500 CE. At that stage the Greeks were under the rule of the eastern Roman Empire, which was ruled by Greeks (in Constantinople) who called themselves Romans.

The ancient Romans liked fresh fruit as their first choice for dessert. They were also big honey users, so their fresh fruit, if not eaten as is, was drenched in honey. They also had a custard type of pudding and honey cakes. A pastry roll-up filled with fruit or chopped nuts or both and drenched with honey was also eaten and even sold at public events.

An acropolis, acro = highest, polis = city, the citadel of a city which formed the basis and refuge of its defence against invaders.

a Marathon, you can look up marathon Greece on any map

Democracy

monarchy

aristocracy

rich people in ancient Greek wore necklaces bracelets made out of gold they had every kind of jewelry in gold and Ruby's diamonds

They established temples and ran religious festivals at which they performed plays, ran athletic contests and feasted in the gods' honour.

The Greeks were very canny - they made up the story that the gods preferred the entrails of a sacrificed animal, so they burnt the offal on the altar for the gods and then themselves feasted on the meat.

The Greeks believed that by sacrificing animals to their gods, they were appeasing the gods. This was also the belief of the Jews, who sacrificed animals in the Jerusalem Temple until its destruction in 70 CE. Since the early Christians also used the Jerusalem Temple, they would no doubt also have participated in these rites. Thus, it was an almost universal belief that sacrifices should be made to the gods.

Ancient Greece was made up of many city-states that formed a nation, but Rome was an empire, they conquered most of Europe, while the ancient Greeks remained in their city states.

The roman worldview was more about military training, discipline and order. Romans fought in legions, groups of people who worked together and fought together in the battle. Most Greek's city-states (less Sparta), didn't have a worldview that had so much to do with war as the Romans had. The Greeks cared more about art, architecture, science, philosophy, etc.

The Roman were ruled by a monarch by some time, then they ruled themselves as a republic and finally when they started making their empire, they were ruled by a emperor, who had most of the power, but had to work with the senate. The Greeks didn't have any of that, each city-state ruled itself by its own way. For example Sparta used monarchy, but Athens ruled themselves by democracy they had 10 Strategos (Greek term), who were like the rulers, but Athens had like a council where each citizen could express himself and give ideas, vote, etc. They ruled themselves, but in times of war the Strategos would take decisions.

Socrates, Hippocrates, Aristotle ,and Plato are the most famous.

ivy is incorrect, the right answer is Olive leaves, that's why it's called an olive wreath

I don't think western civilization has embraced that at all. If anything, it is the opposite. It is eastern culture that first tried to embrace that notion.