Ancient Rome

The Romans had various courts for various offenses with each court having its specialty, such as the murder court. One of the duties of a praetor was to preside over these courts. However, a citizen always had the right to appeal, and then "Caesar" would be the supreme judge.

A slave's role or job was to do what he was trained to do or whatever his owner told him to do. They had various responsibilities depending on their education and skills. Some were cooks, some accountants, some secretaries, some farms hands, and some were in charge of children---any job you can think of could be carried out by a slave.

The Romans never had a representative government.

The members of the first triumvirate were Julius Caesar, Marcus Crassus and Gaius Pompey, or Pompey the Great as he liked to call himself.

Pompey and Crassus were the consuls while Caesar was the one who brokered them into office. Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed an alliance that wielded the real power in Rome from 60-54 B.C.

The Romans used leather to make sandals.

The Romans used leather to make sandals.

The Romans used leather to make sandals.

The Romans used leather to make sandals.

The Romans used leather to make sandals.

The Romans used leather to make sandals.

The Romans used leather to make sandals.

The Romans used leather to make sandals.

The Romans used leather to make sandals.

I believe one of the answers to that would be a catacomb, like in Cask of Amontillado

In Edith Hamilton's Mythology, she says this of Ovid: "...is a compendium of mythology. No ancient writer can compare to him in the respect. He told almost all the stories and he told them at great length...He was said to have a sheer nonsense about him." Virgil did not believe in myths, he instead found human nature in them and brought mythological personages to life as no one else had done since the Greek tragedians.

Augustus built an entirely new Roman Forum. In the Temple of Mars Ultor were statues of Mars, Venus and of the deified Julius Caesar. Augustus often used his own funds to develop new building projects.

A wolf because Romulus and Remus were rised part of there life by a wolf

Rome was always ruled by the Romans. There is a fashionable theory which holds that the Etruscans conquered Rome in the 6th century BC. This is just that, a theory. It has been challenged. Its evidence base is flimsy and it is based on unproven assumptions. Recent archaeological evidence suggests a different picture.

The contribution above does not include the three legally sanctioned persecutions; the Decian persecution, Valerian's persecution and the Diocletianic or great persecution. Origen wrote Contra Celsum in 248; that is, before these three persecutions , which were the three persecutions where the highest number of executions of Christians took place. The contribution also does not include the persecution by Septimius Severus, in which Origen's father was executed.

In 250 the emperor Decius (reigned 250-251) decreed that all citizens had to offer sacrifices to the Roman gods to show their loyalty to the Roman state and the emperor. Failure to do so would result in execution. These persecutions was aimed at all citizens of the empire who did not follow Roman religion and not specifically at the Christians. However, the Christians were the ones who were liable to refuse to perform the sacrifices because doing to would be a betrayal of their only god and because they abhorred sacrifices. Many Christians complied and in some places officials were overwhelmed by the number of people seeking a certificate which proved they had performed the sacrifices. Many refused and were executed, including Pope Fabian, Babylas of Antioch and Alexander of Jerusalem. Some, including Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, went into hiding. The number of Christians who were executed is unknown.

Valerian (reigned 253-260) renewed the persecution and he targeted specifically the Christians. A first decree ordered the Christian clergy to perform sacrifices to the Roman gods or face banishment, a second one ordered Christian leaders to be executed, Christian Roman senators and equites who would not perform sacrifices to the Roman gods were to lose their titles, their property and, if they continued to refuse, to be executed. Roman matrons would lose their property and be banished, and civil servants and members of the Imperial household were to be reduced to slavery and sent to work on the Imperial estates. Prominent executed Christians included Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, Pope Sixtus II, along with six deacons and Lawrence of Rome.

The worst persecution was the great or Diocletianic persecution unleashed by the emperor Diocletian (reigned 284-305) unleashed in 303. Diocletian ordered that the newly built Christian church at Nicomedia be razed, its scriptures burned, and its treasures seized. The day of feast for Terminus, the god of boundaries was to be the day that would terminate Christianity. The next day, Diocletian issued first "Edict against the Christians" which targeted Christian property and senior clergy. It ordered the destruction of Christian scriptures, liturgical books, and places of worship, forbade Christians from assembling for worship and deprived them of the right to petition the courts. The latter, besides excluding response to the action taken against them in the cuts, made the Christians liable to judicial torture (torture of Roman citizens was prohibited by the law). Christian senators, equestrians, decurions (town officials), veterans, and soldiers were deprived of their ranks and imperial freedmen were re-enslaved. Diocletian requested that the edict be executed without bloodshed. However, execution was among the discretionary powers of the judges and this was often meted out. Following the recommendation of Galerius, Diocletian's junior co-emperor in the east and the driving force behind the persecution, burning alive became a common form of execution.

This was the only legally binding edict in the western part of the empire. In the east a second, third and fourth edict were issued. The second edict ordered the arrest and imprisonment of all bishops and priests. Imprisonment was not common in the Roman legal system and there were not enough prisons. The prisons became overwhelmed by the number of imprisoned Christians. A number of Christians had to be released. The third decree declared an amnesty and clergymen could be released if they agreed to perform sacrifices to the Roman gods. Many Christians refused, some of them willingly complied, some did so because they were tortured and prison wardens often extracted nominal compliance because they wanted to get rid of their inmates. A fourth edict ordered all men, women, and children, to gather in a public space and offer a collective sacrifice. Refusal would lead to execution.

The persecution was enforced vigorously in the eastern part of the Roman Empire. Diocletian's two co-emperors in the western part were not as keen on the persecution and in this part of the empire it was enforced mildly.

The most important event, or rather process, during Augustus' reign was his creation of rule by emperors and his becoming the first Roman emperor.

Augustus emerged as the final winner of the civil wars which brought down the Roman Republic. After this, he established himself as an absolute ruler and started the 503-year period of absolute rule by emperors which came after the Republic.

There are two/four words used as good-bye in Latin. The word "vale" is good-bye if speaking to one person, and it becomes "valete" if speaking to more than one person. The word "ave" can also be used for one person and it becomes "avete" for more than one person. The word "ave" and its plural can also be used for hello.

Yes, Augustus formed the fire brigade. They were the "vigiles" who's main duty was to put out fires and each ward of the city had them. They also could act as police.

Yes, Augustus formed the fire brigade. They were the "vigiles" who's main duty was to put out fires and each ward of the city had them. They also could act as police.

Yes, Augustus formed the fire brigade. They were the "vigiles" who's main duty was to put out fires and each ward of the city had them. They also could act as police.

Yes, Augustus formed the fire brigade. They were the "vigiles" who's main duty was to put out fires and each ward of the city had them. They also could act as police.

Yes, Augustus formed the fire brigade. They were the "vigiles" who's main duty was to put out fires and each ward of the city had them. They also could act as police.

Yes, Augustus formed the fire brigade. They were the "vigiles" who's main duty was to put out fires and each ward of the city had them. They also could act as police.

Yes, Augustus formed the fire brigade. They were the "vigiles" who's main duty was to put out fires and each ward of the city had them. They also could act as police.

Yes, Augustus formed the fire brigade. They were the "vigiles" who's main duty was to put out fires and each ward of the city had them. They also could act as police.

Yes, Augustus formed the fire brigade. They were the "vigiles" who's main duty was to put out fires and each ward of the city had them. They also could act as police.

Well the inhibitors of Britain at the time were various tribes, the most powerful being the Celts. The Celts, along with the other tribes, were very barbaric: painting their bodies and faces with permanent tattoo's, fighting another, and even practiced cannibalism. The Romans were completely unwelcomed. Rome had a very hard time conquering the Celts because of their Guerrilla Warfare tactics - compared to the Roman's organized tactics.

If your interested in historical movies, a great one to watch would be "Centurion," it will give you a better idea of what it was like in Ancient Britain

what was one of the major differences between the powers of the emperors in the east and the west

Many things including aqueducts, arches and dams.

573 BCE- something I don't know I hope this something helps on a test or something like that!

There was never an Empress of ancient Rome. The first individual typically classed as being an emperor of Rome was Octavian Caesar, who later took the came Augustus Caesar. His wife was Livia and the Romans gave her the title "Augusta". She could be considered the first empress of Rome in a very loose way, as the Romans never used the title or word "emperor" -- that connotation was given by historians.

Nothing special happened to Rome in 750 CE. The pope was Zachary, who was the Bishop of Rome form 741 to 752 . He encouraged the deposition of the last Merovingian king of the Franks Childeric III and Pepin (the initiator of the Carolingian dynasty) to become king. Childeric III was deposed on 752.

If you are referring to 750 BCE, 753 BCE was the date of the foundation of Rome.

no

The Roman Empire, while whole and intact, had two branches of government, the Senate and the Emperor's court. De jure, the Emperor held ultimate power. The U.S. has 3 branches of government, the U.S. Senate being merely the upper of 2 houses within the legislative branch. The other two branches are the executive and judicial. Within the executive lies the hypothetical analogue of the Emperor, the U.S. President, who has little real power. De jure (according to the U.S. Constitution) ultimate power is distributed equally among the Supreme Court justices of the judicial branch.

De facto, in the Roman Empire, real power was held by those who held sway over the masses through military or religious mechanisms. In the U.S., de facto, real power is held by those who hold sway over the masses through control of information and media outlets (Google, Microsoft, ...) or resources and financial institutions (General Electric, ExxonMobil, Bank of America, ...).

Both gradually became more and more bureaucratic until they both ceased to properly function.

No, a dictator could not just take power. He had to be appointed by the senate before he could assume power. The position of dictator was a legitimate office under the Roman republic and was only granted by the senate.

Sort of the same way the Greeks did, through worshiping and building temples.

The stone-paved roads, which made up 20% of the road network of the Roman Empire had a military purpose. The first such road, the Appian Way was built in 312 BC to speed up the movement of Roman troops to the front of the Second Samnite War near Naples. Besides facilitating the movement of troops, these roads also made the transport of supplies to soldiers at the front or stationed at garrisons easier. They were also used for civilian travel and for trade.

Eighty per cent of the Roman network of road consisted in much cheaper graveled or leveled earth roads. The empire needed an extensive road network to facilitate both communication and the thriving and extensive trading networks it developed.