Ancient Rome

No specific group chose the Roman senate because the Roman senate, for the most part was not an elected body. Do not confuse the Roman senate with our present day senates-- the name is the same but that is all. To become an elected member of the senate a man had to be chosen for a political office such as tribune, quaestor, etc. Automatic entrance to the senate was a perk of these offices. However the majority of the senators were appointed either by their peers or in later times, the emperors. To be appointed by one's peers, a man had to be of good moral character, come from a good family and be worth at least one million sesterces. This monetary requirement was perhaps the most important, because the common thinking was that a wealthy man had much more to lose than a poorer one in case of a political disaster, so they were the ones who would look out for the state in the best possible way.

No specific group chose the Roman senate because the Roman senate, for the most part was not an elected body. Do not confuse the Roman senate with our present day senates-- the name is the same but that is all. To become an elected member of the senate a man had to be chosen for a political office such as tribune, quaestor, etc. Automatic entrance to the senate was a perk of these offices. However the majority of the senators were appointed either by their peers or in later times, the emperors. To be appointed by one's peers, a man had to be of good moral character, come from a good family and be worth at least one million sesterces. This monetary requirement was perhaps the most important, because the common thinking was that a wealthy man had much more to lose than a poorer one in case of a political disaster, so they were the ones who would look out for the state in the best possible way.

No specific group chose the Roman senate because the Roman senate, for the most part was not an elected body. Do not confuse the Roman senate with our present day senates-- the name is the same but that is all. To become an elected member of the senate a man had to be chosen for a political office such as tribune, quaestor, etc. Automatic entrance to the senate was a perk of these offices. However the majority of the senators were appointed either by their peers or in later times, the emperors. To be appointed by one's peers, a man had to be of good moral character, come from a good family and be worth at least one million sesterces. This monetary requirement was perhaps the most important, because the common thinking was that a wealthy man had much more to lose than a poorer one in case of a political disaster, so they were the ones who would look out for the state in the best possible way.

No specific group chose the Roman senate because the Roman senate, for the most part was not an elected body. Do not confuse the Roman senate with our present day senates-- the name is the same but that is all. To become an elected member of the senate a man had to be chosen for a political office such as tribune, quaestor, etc. Automatic entrance to the senate was a perk of these offices. However the majority of the senators were appointed either by their peers or in later times, the emperors. To be appointed by one's peers, a man had to be of good moral character, come from a good family and be worth at least one million sesterces. This monetary requirement was perhaps the most important, because the common thinking was that a wealthy man had much more to lose than a poorer one in case of a political disaster, so they were the ones who would look out for the state in the best possible way.

No specific group chose the Roman senate because the Roman senate, for the most part was not an elected body. Do not confuse the Roman senate with our present day senates-- the name is the same but that is all. To become an elected member of the senate a man had to be chosen for a political office such as tribune, quaestor, etc. Automatic entrance to the senate was a perk of these offices. However the majority of the senators were appointed either by their peers or in later times, the emperors. To be appointed by one's peers, a man had to be of good moral character, come from a good family and be worth at least one million sesterces. This monetary requirement was perhaps the most important, because the common thinking was that a wealthy man had much more to lose than a poorer one in case of a political disaster, so they were the ones who would look out for the state in the best possible way.

No specific group chose the Roman senate because the Roman senate, for the most part was not an elected body. Do not confuse the Roman senate with our present day senates-- the name is the same but that is all. To become an elected member of the senate a man had to be chosen for a political office such as tribune, quaestor, etc. Automatic entrance to the senate was a perk of these offices. However the majority of the senators were appointed either by their peers or in later times, the emperors. To be appointed by one's peers, a man had to be of good moral character, come from a good family and be worth at least one million sesterces. This monetary requirement was perhaps the most important, because the common thinking was that a wealthy man had much more to lose than a poorer one in case of a political disaster, so they were the ones who would look out for the state in the best possible way.

No specific group chose the Roman senate because the Roman senate, for the most part was not an elected body. Do not confuse the Roman senate with our present day senates-- the name is the same but that is all. To become an elected member of the senate a man had to be chosen for a political office such as tribune, quaestor, etc. Automatic entrance to the senate was a perk of these offices. However the majority of the senators were appointed either by their peers or in later times, the emperors. To be appointed by one's peers, a man had to be of good moral character, come from a good family and be worth at least one million sesterces. This monetary requirement was perhaps the most important, because the common thinking was that a wealthy man had much more to lose than a poorer one in case of a political disaster, so they were the ones who would look out for the state in the best possible way.

No specific group chose the Roman senate because the Roman senate, for the most part was not an elected body. Do not confuse the Roman senate with our present day senates-- the name is the same but that is all. To become an elected member of the senate a man had to be chosen for a political office such as tribune, quaestor, etc. Automatic entrance to the senate was a perk of these offices. However the majority of the senators were appointed either by their peers or in later times, the emperors. To be appointed by one's peers, a man had to be of good moral character, come from a good family and be worth at least one million sesterces. This monetary requirement was perhaps the most important, because the common thinking was that a wealthy man had much more to lose than a poorer one in case of a political disaster, so they were the ones who would look out for the state in the best possible way.

No specific group chose the Roman senate because the Roman senate, for the most part was not an elected body. Do not confuse the Roman senate with our present day senates-- the name is the same but that is all. To become an elected member of the senate a man had to be chosen for a political office such as tribune, quaestor, etc. Automatic entrance to the senate was a perk of these offices. However the majority of the senators were appointed either by their peers or in later times, the emperors. To be appointed by one's peers, a man had to be of good moral character, come from a good family and be worth at least one million sesterces. This monetary requirement was perhaps the most important, because the common thinking was that a wealthy man had much more to lose than a poorer one in case of a political disaster, so they were the ones who would look out for the state in the best possible way.

Their mean jealous great uncle wanted to kill romulus and remus because he know he was in line to be king when his brother died but then he had two airs to the thrown so numitor got mad and planned for his nephews to die and planned for their death. He planned for someone to throw romulus and remus and their mother Rhea Silvia to be thrown into the Tiber River

The Roman Ruins are known world-wide as a very famous battle site of ancient Italy. Tourists from all over the world come to find the Roman Ruins, which are located in Rome as the name suggests.

Hammurabi, Ruler of Babylonia and the Babylonian Empire, created the first set of laws, now known as Hammurabi's Code. The code is written on an 8ft tall diorite pillar for his people of Babylonia and his empire.

The Tiber is the second longest river after the Po in Italy, rising in the Apennine mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Umbria and Lazio to the Tyrrhenian Sea. Pleas see the related link below for more info:

The ancient Romans travelled overland on foot, on carts or coaches or riding horses. The navigated rivers on boats and seas on ships.

Rome was early on (say 500 BCE) a farming community covering about 50 square miles, with a citadel to defend in extremis. The Roman army comprised initially the peasant farmers turning out to repel predatory nomads or neighbours. To be in it you had to possess property. Non-propertied people were not fighting for anything, and so were unreliable; and also it was thought unfair to make them fight to protect others' property.

As the state became stronger, and population grew, it became necessary to steal the land of neighbours as the one-hectare dry farms were too small to subdivide amongs several sons. So they attacked neighbouring states to get it; the neighbours were also trying to do the same to them. Rome won some and lost some, but on average was more successful at land piracy and spread its control progressively through the Italian Peninsula and across the Padus River to the north into territory settled by the Gauls.

This citizen army (augmented by the Italian allies they had taken under their sway) sufficed until the Germanic peoples got on the move in the late 2nd Century BCE. After a disasterous defeat in Gaul, it became necessary to match the sheer numbers of Germans to recruit from the non-propertied class. This created a new type of solder. Farmers, when a campaign was over, returned to their farms with their share of the loot. These new soldiers had nothing to come back to and so relied on their generals to organise land for them, and this clientele gave the generals the clout to push their own interests, resulting in the civil wars. And of course long campaigns and garrisoning the growing empire turned the citizen warriors into a standing professional army.

After Sulla and Julius Caesar both failed to find a solution to the ambitious generals, Augustus short circuited this by allocating to himself the frontier provinces which is where the legions were and so deprived rivals of a military base. The army was by now completely professional with enlistment terms which grew from 16 to 20 years.

It was still open only to Roman citizens, however it included foreign auxiliariary units for such specialist tasks as archers, slingers, cavalry. And from the early 1st Century BCE the Italian allies were admitted to Roman citizenship, and over the years various other peoples and provinces in Spain, Gaul and Britain were admitted to citizenship. The way was opened finally in 212 CE when Caracalla opened citizenship, and therefore the army, to all free people in the Empire.

There are no Ancient Roman Laws that still exist, word-for-word, in today's law. It is the Roman SYSTEM of law which still exists and on which the ADMINISTRATION of law is based toady.

because they stole ideas and knowledge from other civilisations

Gauls / Celts inhabited Britain before rome invaded Britain in 53 bc!

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Gaul(Map of Gaul circa 58 BC.)

Gaul (Latin: Gallia) was the name given, in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river.

In English, the word Gaul (French: Gaulois) may also refer to a Celtic inhabitant of that region, although the expression may be used more generally for all ancient speakers of the Gaulish language (a derivative of early Celtic) who were widespread in Europe and extended even into central Anatolia by Roman times. In this way, "Gaul" and "Celt" are sometimes used interchangeably.

The city-stated burned by Rome is Corinth.

Trips to the baths were a part of Roman culture. They were a spa, massage parlour and gym all in one. They met friends there and caught up on all the news or if inclined they could use the libraries that were part of the larger baths, watch theatre performances, attend poetry readings and oratory debates.

Apart from the rich who had detached housed, most Romans lived in apartment blocks which did not have running water. Therefore they needed public baths to wash. The Romans could go to the baths to swim, the big baths also had a swimming pool. However, the main routine was to start with exercises and/or playing sports at the gym, go to the spa (which involved a cold-plunge bath, sitting in a pool with hot water, and going to a sauna) having your body anointed with olive oil, having massages and having your skin scraped with special scrapers. In roman culture good health mean a clean body and physical and mental exercise: mens sana in corpore sano (a healthy/sound mind in a healthy body). The whole routine lasted about two hours and most people did this daily.

The baths were also a social centre. It was a place people went to after the end of the working day (which finished early as it started at dawn). This was particularly useful for the people who lived in the upper floors of the tenements which, besides not having running water, only had small and overcrowded rooms where they could only sleep. They lived their lives outdoors and went to outdoors public toilets. For the rich, going to the baths was part of their leisured lifestyle and a place where they could meet their clients and engage in intellectual pursuits. For politicians it was a place where they could canvass.

The aqueducts had a more material than a cultural effects. They improved the quality of life in Roman towns by bringing fresh water for the mountains. They ensured the supply of water used for drinking, washing, cooking and some manufacturing process and improved hygiene by ensuring that people used clean water.

Idk so watever The example of Cincinnatus stands out as a perfect example of a citizen putting the state above his own interests. This was the moral obligation of all citizens in the republic.

Ancient Rome was in central Italy (Rome still exists and is now the capital of Italy). The Woman Empire covered western Europe up to the river Rhine, Britain, southeastern Europe, western Asia west of Iraq and north of Saudi Arabia, and North Africa

They contributed to instability, rather than stability.

Clientage or clientelism refers to the patron-client relationship, where a poor or poorer man (the client) depends on a rich man (the patron) for favours, jobs, or cash hand-outs. This relationship bound the families of clients to the family of the powerful patrons and provided the latter with political support when needed. It strengthened the position of the rich. It did not really contribute to stability because it helped strengthened the hand of the patricians against the plebeians in the Conflict of the Orders (see below).

The patricians were not established during the Republic. These aristocratic families claimed origin from the beginning of Rome. The founder, Romulus, selected 100 patres familia (fathers of the family) or leading men form the leading clans of Rome at the time to seat in the senate (the name was derived from senex, old man, and was like a council of elders) as an advisory body. This ancestry was a key factor of the patrician claim of superiority to other Romans. The plebeians (the commoners became an important social group in the late Monarchy.

The Early republic saw the beginning of the rebellion of the plebeian movement against the rich patricians with the rebellion of the 1st plebeian secession in 494 BC. The reason for this was the abusive ways in which the patricians exploited the poor plebeians and the monopoly of power patricians had established in the Early Republic. This started the Conflict of the order, a conflict between patricians and plebeians, which lasted two hundred years. This conflict was very destabilising as the plebeian agitations often threatened Rome's ability to defend herself and undermined unity. Internal instability was a characteristic of the Early Republic and part of the Mid Republic. Instability reoccurred in the Late Republic, again, because of agitations by the poor plebeians.

The main legacies of the Romans are religion, the alphabet, language, law and art.

Christianity developed from a religion among a small group of Jews into a mass religion in the Roman days. It spread around the Roman Empire. It became the religion of the masses and then state religion. Catholic Christianity and Orthodox Christianity developed during the Late Roman Empire. They were originally called Latin or Western Christianity and Greek or Eastern Christianity respectively. The former was the main religion in the western part of the Roman Empire and the latter was the main religion in the eastern part of the Roman Empire.

Western European languages have adopted and adapted the Latin alphabet. The only letters in the English language which do not come from the Latin alphabet are J, U and W.

Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian are languages derived from Latin (romance languages). Many Latin words have entered English via two routes. One was that Latin was the language of the church in the Middle Ages. The other was the Norman conquest of England. French became the court language and many French words entered into the English language. These words are usually of Latin origin.

Many words in medicine, law and theology are Latin.

The key principles of Roman civil law have provided the foundation or an inspiration for the law of many modern countries. These are: citizenship status and citizenship rights, equality under the law, the right to have a proper trial and to defend oneself, the right to appeal, that the burden of proof rests on the accuser and not on the accused, that it is the exact form of actions and not intentions or words which is punishable, and that a law deemed unreasonable or unfair can be repealed.

The Romans influenced European architecture, sculpture and painting until the early 20th century. They influenced the art of the Renaissance (14th-15th century) Baroque (17th-18th century) and Neoclassicism (18th-20th century, and is still sometimes used today). Palladian architecture was also based on Roman architecture. It was popular from the 17th century to the 20th century and was often used for public buildings. Latin literature was very influential in European literature until the mid-20th century.

XL=400

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No. XL is the Roman number 40. 400 is CD.

Vulcanic rocks found locally, tuff, or nearby, peperino from the Alban Hills, and travertine from the Tibur (Tivoli) area. They also made fired bricks. They made concrete by mixing a volcanic rock called pozzolana with lime and water. For sumptuous buildings they also used various types of marble and porphyry.

Grapes were important in ancient Greece because they made wine which was a main and important beverage, they were also a source of food and they were the symbol of Dionysus (the God of wine and theatre).

At first the twins were fed by a she-wolf and a woodpecker. The shepherd Faustulus then took them in and raised them.

At first the twins were fed by a she-wolf and a woodpecker. The shepherd Faustulus then took them in and raised them.

At first the twins were fed by a she-wolf and a woodpecker. The shepherd Faustulus then took them in and raised them.

At first the twins were fed by a she-wolf and a woodpecker. The shepherd Faustulus then took them in and raised them.

At first the twins were fed by a she-wolf and a woodpecker. The shepherd Faustulus then took them in and raised them.

At first the twins were fed by a she-wolf and a woodpecker. The shepherd Faustulus then took them in and raised them.

At first the twins were fed by a she-wolf and a woodpecker. The shepherd Faustulus then took them in and raised them.

At first the twins were fed by a she-wolf and a woodpecker. The shepherd Faustulus then took them in and raised them.

At first the twins were fed by a she-wolf and a woodpecker. The shepherd Faustulus then took them in and raised them.

Gladiators did not have festivals on their own. They were always a part of another celebration. As we all know, they were originally funeral duties/rites given for the deceased. They evolved into parts of celebrations for military victories, anniversaries of events, even for electioneering until that use was banned. They were also, at times, part of the celebrations of certain gods, in particular Mars. The atmosphere or the mood of the public during a festival in which there would be gladiators was mixed. People who enjoyed the contests were anticipating (and probably betting on) their favorite wining, while those who opposed the bouts were repulsed.

Brianna the Latin name for the Roman province of Britannia, which covered England and Wales. Scotland was called Caledonia.

Marcus Brutus had no intention of becoming king of Rome. One of the complaints against Caesar, whose assassination he participated in, was that by becoming Dictator for life he was trying to be king. Cassius was obsessively against anything smacking of kingship, and had Brutus tried anything like that, he would have been next candidate for the knife.

Garum a sauce made from rotten fish