Athens

Athenian democracy was not at all the same concept as modern democracy, so therefore there was no democratically elected ruler, but rather a council of all those eligible who made decisions on anything and everything.

democracy.

The people of Romania is called Romanian people (Român in the Romanian language).

all types

In Ancient Athens, they did not allow women and slaves to vote. But in the U.S, all the citizens (over 18 of course) have the right to vote. the democracy that we are provided in the USA is what's called representative Democracy. in Athens it was much less representative and considerably more hands-on... sort of "hey, let's just vote on that law" kinda thing.

Built over 2000 years ago, Athens' Acropolis sits above the city on its highest peak, and is one of the most well-known landmarks in the world. Its classical Greek architecture has become a symbol of the city and of the glories of ancient Greece. The Acropolis holds several temples, of which the most important is the Parthenon, dedicated to the goddess Athena, who was the patron goddess of ancient Athens. The Parthenon is the largest Doric temple ever built in Greece.

Firstly a king; the kings were later replaced by an Aristocratic Council of the Areopagus; then tyrants were installed to be more representative of the people at large; the tyrants were replaced by democratic forms of government where the ordinary people determined laws in assembly; then when this failed there was a reversion to various less democratic forms of government led by the aristocracy.

It established a system of government where all citizens met in assembly and voted on issues put forward by the council. The word democracy is made up of the Greek words demos = people, kratos = power, People Power.

Athens is named after it's patron goddess Pallas Athene, or Athena. Athena won the rights to being patron of the city when she produced the olive tree, beating the salt water spring that Poseidon (her competition who was also vying for patron) created. Thus, the city was named in her honor. That is also why the Parthenon (a temple dedicated to her) is located in the agora of Athens.

To be an alien, or unable to prove to your tribal assembly at the age of 18 that you are descended within that tribe.

It is what they call a city state

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Today Athens is a city, in ancient era Athens was a city-state.

The best way to begin comparing Athens and Sparta is to know as much as possible about the history and culture of each -- for starters look both up on Wikipedia and go to the included links. An excellent way to learn more -- a good book that is both fun to read and very informative on the differences between the two cultures -- is commonly called "Plutarch's Lives" though it is really "Parallel Lives" by an early Greek historian named Plutarch (46 A.D. to 120 A.D.). One of his pair of "parallel lives" concerned the founding "lawgivers" of Sparta (Lycurgus) and Athens (Solon).

It is worth noting as you begin to study the similarities and differences between the two cultures that most of the earliest writing on the subject is by Athenians, as Athens was by far the more literate and cosmopolitan of the two societies.

It is important to note that the two societies were both Greek city states and had a great deal in common, including a common "larger" culture that included a shared set of historical and mythical beliefs, religious and ethical beliefs, etc. While Sparta is usually considered the more "warlike" society, both city states were usually in a state of constant war with one or more of their neighbors or enemies farther afield -- this was not just an accident of the political climate, as active participation in war was considered the defining aspect of manhood in both societies. In other words if there had been no wars arising out of natural conflict over territory and resources, they would have had to start one... and often did.

Likewise, though Plutarch, among others, looks askance at Spartans for their supposedly brutal treatment of their ethnically distinct serfs, the Helots, both societies were aristocratic slaveholding societies -- the "citizens" we know and learn about in general constituted the upper classes. The democracy in Athens was just for citizens and they did not constitute a majority of the population. While Sparta is not considered a democracy, its small elite aristocracy were trained from birth in an ethos not unlike that of our modern military academies, so, while organized on authoritarian lines, the society counted on the active support and participation of its citizens and thus required much the same level of consensus and "consent of the governed" as would be found in a more traditional "democracy."

At times some cities of ancient Greece, mostly Athens had full democracy. At other times there were tyrants that ran the city. Only free adult men were citizens. Women and slaves had few rights. Notable democratic leaders were Solon in 508 BCE when there was a popular assembly. Another democratic leader was Pericles who introduced measures which brought Athens to become a radical democracy where the adult males met in assembly fortnightly and made all the decisions which a council of 500 implemented.

Some of the many inventions ancient Athenians created was plumbing, thermometer, maps (modified), internal heating , wrenches, mills.

After defeat, Athens was stripped of its empire, and without the revenues they mulcted from it, they were not able to either maintain naval preeminence or afford the expenditures which had supported such extravagances as the beautification of Athens.

He brought democracy to Athenians. The democracy of Athens gave power to the people and the laws of Athens gives equal justice for all.

He reduced the power of the rich by allowing more people to vote. He also gave more power to the assembly, which included all male citizens.

A tyrant was appointed to protect the lower class citizens from the depredations of the upper class oligarchs who controlled the city and organised things for their own profit and benefit. This worked for half a cetury, but the tyrant had to establish a strong personal guard to protect himself from the resentful oligarchs. To pay for this he levied a tax. Greeks hated taxes, and this drew resentment against the tyrant, forgetting how bad it had been under the oligarchs fifty years before. The oligarchs mobilised this discontent, resulting in expulsion of the third tyrant Hippias, Unfortunately for the oligarchs, Cleisthenes introduced a limited democracy, which kept the oligarchs from regaining control.

Many, many things, including what might be called Western thought. Athens is often considered the birthplace of democracy.

geography: that region of the aegean world was divided by mountains, making travel, trade, communication, and unification difficult

No it's the other way around

Every resident, including women and foreigners, had equal rights in Ancient Athens.

The Peloponnesian War was between Athens and Sparta. It was after the great Persian war, when Athens and Sparta worked together to defeat Persia. The Peloponnesian War was started because Sparta feared Athens may dominate them one day. There was a big battle between them, lasting for many years, but in the end, Sparta won.

Each had allies which augmented its power.

Athens had an empire of about 180 city-states spread around the eastern Aegean Sea,. It had strong walls, which extended down to the sea, which enabled it to be resupplied during a siege. It also had a superior navy, which gave it the ability to threaten and raid opposing cities of the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta, and to ensure resupply of the city by sea from its empire.

The Peloponnesian League had the strongest land forces, and was able to besiege Athens. By whittling don Athens' allies, it progressively reduced Athens' power and resupply, until finally after 27 years of fighting, the Athenian fleet was destroyed (Persia gave money to pay for a Peloponnesian fleet) and Athens was starved into submission.

The Peloponnesian War was fought from 431 to 404 BC .