Atmospheric Sciences

The northern lights occur in the thermosphere, which is the layer of the atmosphere located between the mesosphere and exosphere. This region is where solar energy interacts with gases like oxygen and nitrogen to create the stunning light displays known as auroras.

Objects like meteors, spacecraft upon re-entry, and volatile gases can burn up in Earth's atmosphere due to the intense heat and friction produced as they travel through the air at high speeds.

The troposphere and stratosphere are the two atmospheric layers that can contain air as warm as 25°C. The troposphere is where most of the Earth's weather occurs and its temperature decreases with altitude. The stratosphere is located above the troposphere and contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters UV radiation.

In order to describe the state of the air, we need to know the value of all of its properties. Pressure, temperature and water content(i.e, relative humidity or dew point temperatures) are commonly cited by weather forecasters. But, other properties like wind speed and chemical composition (i.e., pollen count and smog index, for example) are also important under certain circumstances.

Nitrogen and Oxygen

The term "stratosphere" refers to a layer of Earth's atmosphere, while "Megatron" typically refers to a fictional character from the Transformers franchise. In terms of size, the stratosphere is much larger than Megatron as it encompasses a significant portion of Earth's atmosphere, while Megatron is a fictional robot character which has variable size depending on the portrayal in different Transformers media.

The hottest layer in the atmosphere is the thermosphere, which can reach temperatures of up to 2,500 degrees Celsius (4,500 degrees Fahrenheit). Temperatures in the thermosphere increase with altitude due to the absorption of high-energy solar radiation.

charged particles, mainly electrons and protons, that flow from the Sun into space. It interacts with planetary magnetospheres and atmospheres, creating phenomena like the auroras and impacting spacecraft and satellites in space. Its strength can vary depending on solar activity and can influence space weather.

Humans began adding significant amounts of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere during the Industrial Revolution in the mid-18th century. This period marked the widespread use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, leading to a rapid increase in carbon dioxide emissions.

Without neon in our atmosphere, the color of neon lights would not exist as we know them today. Neon is used in neon lights to produce the distinct bright colors. Additionally, neon is chemically inert, so its absence wouldn't have a significant impact on atmospheric chemistry or human health.

You would not feel warm in the thermosphere because even though temperatures in the thermosphere can reach thousands of degrees Celsius, the air density is extremely low. This means that there are very few air molecules to transfer heat to your body, so you would not feel hot.

The core of the Sun is the layer that contains the densest material. It is where nuclear fusion reactions occur, resulting in high temperatures and pressures, which contribute to the density of the core.

The gas you are referring to might be ozone. The effect caused by ozone in the upper atmosphere is the formation of the ozone layer. This layer protects Earth by absorbing the majority of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.

The troposphere is typically colder as you go higher in altitude. On average, the temperature decreases by about 6.5°C for every kilometer increase in altitude within the troposphere.

The aurorae are best visible from the Arctic and Antarctic Circles - and/or locations close to them. It's very rare to see the aurorae near the equator or latitudes as far south(or north) as say, Los Angeles.

The atmosphere gets hot due to the greenhouse effect, which traps heat from the sun. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane absorb and re-radiate this heat, causing temperatures to increase. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, have contributed to higher levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, intensifying the greenhouse effect and leading to global warming.

The thermosphere starts at an altitude of around 80 kilometers above Earth's surface. It is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that extends from the mesopause (top of the mesosphere) to the exosphere.

jet stream. It is a narrow band of strong winds that blow from west to east in the upper atmosphere, typically found between 30,000 and 39,000 feet above the Earth's surface. The jet stream plays a crucial role in guiding weather systems and influencing the movement of storms.

Green is the commonest color in the Aurora Borealis as green is produced when charged particles from the sun collide with atoms of oxygen at a high level.

The Aurora over Greenland would sometimes show colors of blue and red, though probably not as often.

True. Scientists believe that Mercury's thin atmosphere is the result of most of its original gases escaping into space due to the planet's low gravity and proximity to the sun.

The atmosphere is a layer of gases that surrounds Earth and is held in place by gravity. It plays a crucial role in regulating temperature, protecting against harmful radiation, and supporting life through processes like photosynthesis. The composition of Earth's atmosphere includes nitrogen, oxygen, and traces of other gases.

The ionosphere is named for its abundance of ions, which are electrically charged particles. In particular, the ionosphere contains ions such as oxygen, nitrogen, and electrons that are responsible for its electrical properties and interaction with solar radiation.

In relative terms cooler air will descend while warmer air will rise. Many times mountains form the border between two differing airmasses. This can be seen

at the front range of the rocky mountains. Cooler air from Canada will be on the west side of the range while warmer air from the gulf of Mexico will be on the east side. When these two air masses meet, the cooler Canadian air will descend down the front range of the mountains beneath the warmer air.

The temperature typically decreases as you move farther away from the equator. This is because areas closer to the poles receive less direct sunlight, leading to cooler temperatures.

This Answer is as Variable, considering all of the varying Parameters, as it is Crucial to Our Tenuous Situation. This percentage, as Critical as it is, in not predictable as the Output of Solar radiation is as unknowable as the powerful Incidence of detrimental Cosmic Rays.